| Summary: | <p class="first" id="d135573e120">This article approaches the rebellions of the Mapuche people from a
<i>longue-durée</i> perspective, from the Occupation of the Araucanía in 1861 to the recent events of
2020. Among other things, the article explores the Popular Unity (UP) period, and
the ‘Cautinazo’ in particular, considered here as an uprising that synthesised the
discourses and aspirations of the Mapuche people dating back to the Occupation, while
also repoliticising them by foregrounding demands for land restitution. This experience
created the conditions for a new cycle of mobilisation that began in the twenty-first
century. In other words, the Agrarian Reform of the UP era set the stage for more
recent rebellions that are once again challenging colonial problems related to private
property rights, the usurpation of land and agricultural aggression. In seeking responses
to these problems, the Mapuche movement of the early twenty-first century is being
revitalised.
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