Sporothrix globosa melanin regulates autophagy via the TLR2 signaling pathway in THP-1 macrophages.
Melanin, an important virulence factor of pathogenic fungi, has been shown to suppress host immune responses in multiple ways. Autophagy is a vital cellular mechanism underlying the host's innate immunity against microbial infections. However, the potential influence of melanin on autophagy has...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2023-05-01
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| Series: | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011281 |
| _version_ | 1827940499187564544 |
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| author | Mengqi Guan Lei Yao Yu Zhen Yang Song Xiaobo Liu Yuanyuan Liu Ruili Chen Yan Cui Shanshan Li |
| author_facet | Mengqi Guan Lei Yao Yu Zhen Yang Song Xiaobo Liu Yuanyuan Liu Ruili Chen Yan Cui Shanshan Li |
| author_sort | Mengqi Guan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Melanin, an important virulence factor of pathogenic fungi, has been shown to suppress host immune responses in multiple ways. Autophagy is a vital cellular mechanism underlying the host's innate immunity against microbial infections. However, the potential influence of melanin on autophagy has not been explored. We investigated the effect of melanin on autophagy in macrophages, which play a key role in controlling Sporothrix spp. infection, as well as the mechanism of melanin interaction with Toll-like receptor (TLR)-induced pathways. Sporothrix globosa conidia (wild-type and melanin-deficient mutant strains) or yeast cells were co-cultured with THP-1 macrophages to demonstrate that, although S. globosa infection led to the activation of autophagy-related proteins and increased autophagic flux, S. globosa melanin suppressed macrophage autophagy. Incubation with S. globosa conidia also increased the expression levels of reactive oxygen species and multiple proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and interferon-γ) in macrophages. These effects were attenuated as melanin presented. Furthermore, while S. globosa conidia significantly increased the expression of both TLR2 and TLR4 in macrophages, the knockdown of TLR2, but not TLR4, with small interfering RNA suppressed autophagy. Overall, this study revealed the novel immune defense ability of S. globosa melanin to inhibit macrophage functionality by resisting macrophage autophagy through the regulation of TLR2 expression. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T09:10:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a2b35af880bc465f9d3e675d975256fa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1935-2727 1935-2735 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T09:10:08Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-a2b35af880bc465f9d3e675d975256fa2023-05-27T05:31:58ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases1935-27271935-27352023-05-01175e001128110.1371/journal.pntd.0011281Sporothrix globosa melanin regulates autophagy via the TLR2 signaling pathway in THP-1 macrophages.Mengqi GuanLei YaoYu ZhenYang SongXiaobo LiuYuanyuan LiuRuili ChenYan CuiShanshan LiMelanin, an important virulence factor of pathogenic fungi, has been shown to suppress host immune responses in multiple ways. Autophagy is a vital cellular mechanism underlying the host's innate immunity against microbial infections. However, the potential influence of melanin on autophagy has not been explored. We investigated the effect of melanin on autophagy in macrophages, which play a key role in controlling Sporothrix spp. infection, as well as the mechanism of melanin interaction with Toll-like receptor (TLR)-induced pathways. Sporothrix globosa conidia (wild-type and melanin-deficient mutant strains) or yeast cells were co-cultured with THP-1 macrophages to demonstrate that, although S. globosa infection led to the activation of autophagy-related proteins and increased autophagic flux, S. globosa melanin suppressed macrophage autophagy. Incubation with S. globosa conidia also increased the expression levels of reactive oxygen species and multiple proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and interferon-γ) in macrophages. These effects were attenuated as melanin presented. Furthermore, while S. globosa conidia significantly increased the expression of both TLR2 and TLR4 in macrophages, the knockdown of TLR2, but not TLR4, with small interfering RNA suppressed autophagy. Overall, this study revealed the novel immune defense ability of S. globosa melanin to inhibit macrophage functionality by resisting macrophage autophagy through the regulation of TLR2 expression.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011281 |
| spellingShingle | Mengqi Guan Lei Yao Yu Zhen Yang Song Xiaobo Liu Yuanyuan Liu Ruili Chen Yan Cui Shanshan Li Sporothrix globosa melanin regulates autophagy via the TLR2 signaling pathway in THP-1 macrophages. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| title | Sporothrix globosa melanin regulates autophagy via the TLR2 signaling pathway in THP-1 macrophages. |
| title_full | Sporothrix globosa melanin regulates autophagy via the TLR2 signaling pathway in THP-1 macrophages. |
| title_fullStr | Sporothrix globosa melanin regulates autophagy via the TLR2 signaling pathway in THP-1 macrophages. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sporothrix globosa melanin regulates autophagy via the TLR2 signaling pathway in THP-1 macrophages. |
| title_short | Sporothrix globosa melanin regulates autophagy via the TLR2 signaling pathway in THP-1 macrophages. |
| title_sort | sporothrix globosa melanin regulates autophagy via the tlr2 signaling pathway in thp 1 macrophages |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011281 |
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