Mechanochemical Synergism of Reactive Oxygen Species Influences on RBC Membrane
The influences of various factors on blood lead to the formation of extra reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in the disruption of morphology and functions of red blood cells (RBCs). This study considers the mechanisms of the mechanochemical synergism of <inline-formula><math xmlns=&qu...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/6/5952 |
| Summary: | The influences of various factors on blood lead to the formation of extra reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in the disruption of morphology and functions of red blood cells (RBCs). This study considers the mechanisms of the mechanochemical synergism of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>O</mi><msup><mi>H</mi><mo>•</mo></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> free radicals, which are most active in the initiation of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in RBC membranes, and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> molecules, the largest typical diffusion path. Using kinetic models of differential equations describing <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mrow><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></msub><mfenced><mi>t</mi></mfenced><mo> </mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mrow><mi>O</mi><msup><mi>H</mi><mo>•</mo></msup></mrow></msub><mfenced><mi>t</mi></mfenced></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, we discuss two levels of mechanochemical synergism that occur simultaneously: (1) synergism that ensures the delivery of highly active free radicals <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>O</mi><msup><mi>H</mi><mo>•</mo></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> to RBC membranes and (2) a positive feedback system between <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>O</mi><msup><mi>H</mi><mo>•</mo></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, resulting in the partial restoration of spent molecules. As a result of these ROS synergisms, the efficiency of LPO in RBC membranes sharply increases. In blood, the appearance of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>O</mi><msup><mi>H</mi><mo>•</mo></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> free radicals is due to the interaction of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> molecules with free iron ions (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>F</mi><msup><mi>e</mi><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) which arise as a result of heme degradation. We experimentally established the quantitative dependences of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mrow><mi>O</mi><msup><mi>H</mi><mo>•</mo></msup><mo> </mo></mrow></msub><mfenced><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mrow><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></mfenced></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> using the methods of spectrophotometry and nonlinear curve fitting. This study extends the analysis of the influence of ROS mechanisms in RBC suspensions. |
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| ISSN: | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |