Aryl hydrocarbon receptor and kynurenine: recent advances in autoimmune disease research
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is thought to be a crucial factor in the regulation of immune responses. Many AHR-mediated immunoregulatory mechanisms have been discovered, and this knowledge may enhance our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of autoimmune inflammatory syndromes such as col...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2014-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00551/full |
| _version_ | 1811302627902750720 |
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| author | Nam Trung Nguyen Nam Trung Nguyen Taisuke eNakahama Taisuke eNakahama Duc Hoang Le Son Van Le Ha Hoang Chu Tadamitsu eKishimoto |
| author_facet | Nam Trung Nguyen Nam Trung Nguyen Taisuke eNakahama Taisuke eNakahama Duc Hoang Le Son Van Le Ha Hoang Chu Tadamitsu eKishimoto |
| author_sort | Nam Trung Nguyen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is thought to be a crucial factor in the regulation of immune responses. Many AHR-mediated immunoregulatory mechanisms have been discovered, and this knowledge may enhance our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of autoimmune inflammatory syndromes such as collagen-induced arthritis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and experimental colitis. Recent findings have elucidated the critical link between AHR and indoleamine 2,3-dioxigenase (IDO) in the development of regulatory T (Treg) cells and Th17 cells, which are key factors in a variety of human autoimmune diseases. Induction of IDO and IDO-mediated tryptophan catabolism, together with its downstream products such as kynurenine, is an important immunoregulatory mechanism underlying immunosuppression, tolerance, and immunity. Recent studies revealed that induction of IDO depends on AHR expression. This review summarizes the most current findings regarding the functions of AHR and IDO in immune cells as they relate to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases in response to various stimuli. We also discuss the potential link between AHR and IDO/tryptophan metabolites, and the involvement of several novel related factors (such as microRNA) in the development of autoimmune diseases. These novel factors represent potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of autoimmune disorders. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T07:31:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a2cc853c9b3146b9a3e72ade0a2868f0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T07:31:36Z |
| publishDate | 2014-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-a2cc853c9b3146b9a3e72ade0a2868f02022-12-22T02:56:20ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242014-10-01510.3389/fimmu.2014.00551110982Aryl hydrocarbon receptor and kynurenine: recent advances in autoimmune disease researchNam Trung Nguyen0Nam Trung Nguyen1Taisuke eNakahama2Taisuke eNakahama3Duc Hoang Le4Son Van Le5Ha Hoang Chu6Tadamitsu eKishimoto7Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and TechnologyWPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka UniversityWPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka UniversityGraduate School of Medicine Osaka UniversityInstitute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and TechnologyInstitute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and TechnologyInstitute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and TechnologyWPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka UniversityAryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is thought to be a crucial factor in the regulation of immune responses. Many AHR-mediated immunoregulatory mechanisms have been discovered, and this knowledge may enhance our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of autoimmune inflammatory syndromes such as collagen-induced arthritis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and experimental colitis. Recent findings have elucidated the critical link between AHR and indoleamine 2,3-dioxigenase (IDO) in the development of regulatory T (Treg) cells and Th17 cells, which are key factors in a variety of human autoimmune diseases. Induction of IDO and IDO-mediated tryptophan catabolism, together with its downstream products such as kynurenine, is an important immunoregulatory mechanism underlying immunosuppression, tolerance, and immunity. Recent studies revealed that induction of IDO depends on AHR expression. This review summarizes the most current findings regarding the functions of AHR and IDO in immune cells as they relate to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases in response to various stimuli. We also discuss the potential link between AHR and IDO/tryptophan metabolites, and the involvement of several novel related factors (such as microRNA) in the development of autoimmune diseases. These novel factors represent potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of autoimmune disorders.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00551/fullAutoimmune DiseasesKynurenineTranscription Factorstryptophan metabolismdioxin receptor |
| spellingShingle | Nam Trung Nguyen Nam Trung Nguyen Taisuke eNakahama Taisuke eNakahama Duc Hoang Le Son Van Le Ha Hoang Chu Tadamitsu eKishimoto Aryl hydrocarbon receptor and kynurenine: recent advances in autoimmune disease research Frontiers in Immunology Autoimmune Diseases Kynurenine Transcription Factors tryptophan metabolism dioxin receptor |
| title | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor and kynurenine: recent advances in autoimmune disease research |
| title_full | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor and kynurenine: recent advances in autoimmune disease research |
| title_fullStr | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor and kynurenine: recent advances in autoimmune disease research |
| title_full_unstemmed | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor and kynurenine: recent advances in autoimmune disease research |
| title_short | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor and kynurenine: recent advances in autoimmune disease research |
| title_sort | aryl hydrocarbon receptor and kynurenine recent advances in autoimmune disease research |
| topic | Autoimmune Diseases Kynurenine Transcription Factors tryptophan metabolism dioxin receptor |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00551/full |
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