Vertical Dense Effluent Discharge Modelling in Shallow Waters
Vertical dense effluent discharges are popular in outfall system designs. Vertical jets provide the opportunity to be efficient for a range of ambient currents, where the jet is pushed away so as not to fall on itself. This study focuses on the worst-case scenario of the dilution and mixing of such...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-07-01
|
| Series: | Water |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/15/2312 |
| _version_ | 1797432647765458944 |
|---|---|
| author | Hossein Kheirkhah Gildeh Abdolmajid Mohammadian Ioan Nistor |
| author_facet | Hossein Kheirkhah Gildeh Abdolmajid Mohammadian Ioan Nistor |
| author_sort | Hossein Kheirkhah Gildeh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Vertical dense effluent discharges are popular in outfall system designs. Vertical jets provide the opportunity to be efficient for a range of ambient currents, where the jet is pushed away so as not to fall on itself. This study focuses on the worst-case scenario of the dilution and mixing of such jets: vertical dense effluent discharges with no ambient current, in shallow water, where the jet impinges the water surface. This scenario provides conservative design criteria for such outfall systems. The numerical modelling of such jets has not been investigated before and this study provides novel insights into simulations of vertical dense effluent discharges in shallow waters. Turbulent vertical discharges with Froude numbers ranging from 9 to 24 were simulated using OpenFOAM. A Reynolds stress model (RSM) was applied to characterize the geometrical (i.e., maximum discharge rise <i>Z<sub>m</sub></i> and lateral spread <i>R<sub>sp</sub></i>) and dilution <i>μ<sub>min</sub></i> properties of such jets. Three flow regimes were reproduced numerically, based on the experimental data: deep, intermediate, and impinging flow regimes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:03:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a2cdc6c44e2b40ed9147164d9536c7d8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:03:39Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-a2cdc6c44e2b40ed9147164d9536c7d82023-12-01T23:15:27ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412022-07-011415231210.3390/w14152312Vertical Dense Effluent Discharge Modelling in Shallow WatersHossein Kheirkhah Gildeh0Abdolmajid Mohammadian1Ioan Nistor2Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, CanadaDepartment of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, CanadaDepartment of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, CanadaVertical dense effluent discharges are popular in outfall system designs. Vertical jets provide the opportunity to be efficient for a range of ambient currents, where the jet is pushed away so as not to fall on itself. This study focuses on the worst-case scenario of the dilution and mixing of such jets: vertical dense effluent discharges with no ambient current, in shallow water, where the jet impinges the water surface. This scenario provides conservative design criteria for such outfall systems. The numerical modelling of such jets has not been investigated before and this study provides novel insights into simulations of vertical dense effluent discharges in shallow waters. Turbulent vertical discharges with Froude numbers ranging from 9 to 24 were simulated using OpenFOAM. A Reynolds stress model (RSM) was applied to characterize the geometrical (i.e., maximum discharge rise <i>Z<sub>m</sub></i> and lateral spread <i>R<sub>sp</sub></i>) and dilution <i>μ<sub>min</sub></i> properties of such jets. Three flow regimes were reproduced numerically, based on the experimental data: deep, intermediate, and impinging flow regimes.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/15/2312shallow watereffluent dischargevertical dense jetsurface dilutionimpingementreturn point |
| spellingShingle | Hossein Kheirkhah Gildeh Abdolmajid Mohammadian Ioan Nistor Vertical Dense Effluent Discharge Modelling in Shallow Waters Water shallow water effluent discharge vertical dense jet surface dilution impingement return point |
| title | Vertical Dense Effluent Discharge Modelling in Shallow Waters |
| title_full | Vertical Dense Effluent Discharge Modelling in Shallow Waters |
| title_fullStr | Vertical Dense Effluent Discharge Modelling in Shallow Waters |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vertical Dense Effluent Discharge Modelling in Shallow Waters |
| title_short | Vertical Dense Effluent Discharge Modelling in Shallow Waters |
| title_sort | vertical dense effluent discharge modelling in shallow waters |
| topic | shallow water effluent discharge vertical dense jet surface dilution impingement return point |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/15/2312 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hosseinkheirkhahgildeh verticaldenseeffluentdischargemodellinginshallowwaters AT abdolmajidmohammadian verticaldenseeffluentdischargemodellinginshallowwaters AT ioannistor verticaldenseeffluentdischargemodellinginshallowwaters |