THαβ Immunological Pathway as Protective Immune Response against Prion Diseases: An Insight for Prion Infection Therapy
Prion diseases, including Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, are mediated by transmissible proteinaceous pathogens. Pathological changes indicative of neuro-degeneration have been observed in the brains of affected patients. Simultaneously, microglial activation, along with the upregulation of pro-inflammat...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/2/408 |
| _version_ | 1827652171289591808 |
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| author | Adam Tsou Po-Jui Chen Kuo-Wang Tsai Wan-Chung Hu Kuo-Cheng Lu |
| author_facet | Adam Tsou Po-Jui Chen Kuo-Wang Tsai Wan-Chung Hu Kuo-Cheng Lu |
| author_sort | Adam Tsou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Prion diseases, including Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, are mediated by transmissible proteinaceous pathogens. Pathological changes indicative of neuro-degeneration have been observed in the brains of affected patients. Simultaneously, microglial activation, along with the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1 or TNF-α, have also been observed in brain tissue of these patients. Consequently, pro-inflammatory cytokines are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Accelerated prion infections have been seen in interleukin-10 knockout mice, and type 1 interferons have been found to be protective against these diseases. Since interleukin-10 and type 1 interferons are key mediators of the antiviral THαβ immunological pathway, protective host immunity against prion diseases may be regulated via THαβ immunity. Currently no effective treatment strategies exist for prion disease; however, drugs that target the regulation of IL-10, IFN-alpha, or IFN-β, and consequently modulate the THαβ immunological pathway, may prove to be effective therapeutic options. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:51:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a2ce73dfc2cc412ebda81565327c7bd1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:51:47Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-a2ce73dfc2cc412ebda81565327c7bd12023-11-23T22:32:24ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152022-02-0114240810.3390/v14020408THαβ Immunological Pathway as Protective Immune Response against Prion Diseases: An Insight for Prion Infection TherapyAdam Tsou0Po-Jui Chen1Kuo-Wang Tsai2Wan-Chung Hu3Kuo-Cheng Lu4Department of Neurology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, TaiwanDepartment of Pediatrics, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan City 325, TaiwanDepartment of Medical Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, TaiwanDepartment of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, TaiwanDepartment of Medical Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, TaiwanPrion diseases, including Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, are mediated by transmissible proteinaceous pathogens. Pathological changes indicative of neuro-degeneration have been observed in the brains of affected patients. Simultaneously, microglial activation, along with the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1 or TNF-α, have also been observed in brain tissue of these patients. Consequently, pro-inflammatory cytokines are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Accelerated prion infections have been seen in interleukin-10 knockout mice, and type 1 interferons have been found to be protective against these diseases. Since interleukin-10 and type 1 interferons are key mediators of the antiviral THαβ immunological pathway, protective host immunity against prion diseases may be regulated via THαβ immunity. Currently no effective treatment strategies exist for prion disease; however, drugs that target the regulation of IL-10, IFN-alpha, or IFN-β, and consequently modulate the THαβ immunological pathway, may prove to be effective therapeutic options.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/2/408prionimmunityinterleukin-10type 1 interferonsmicroglia |
| spellingShingle | Adam Tsou Po-Jui Chen Kuo-Wang Tsai Wan-Chung Hu Kuo-Cheng Lu THαβ Immunological Pathway as Protective Immune Response against Prion Diseases: An Insight for Prion Infection Therapy Viruses prion immunity interleukin-10 type 1 interferons microglia |
| title | THαβ Immunological Pathway as Protective Immune Response against Prion Diseases: An Insight for Prion Infection Therapy |
| title_full | THαβ Immunological Pathway as Protective Immune Response against Prion Diseases: An Insight for Prion Infection Therapy |
| title_fullStr | THαβ Immunological Pathway as Protective Immune Response against Prion Diseases: An Insight for Prion Infection Therapy |
| title_full_unstemmed | THαβ Immunological Pathway as Protective Immune Response against Prion Diseases: An Insight for Prion Infection Therapy |
| title_short | THαβ Immunological Pathway as Protective Immune Response against Prion Diseases: An Insight for Prion Infection Therapy |
| title_sort | thαβ immunological pathway as protective immune response against prion diseases an insight for prion infection therapy |
| topic | prion immunity interleukin-10 type 1 interferons microglia |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/2/408 |
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