Pathogen Dose in Animal Models of Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Infections and the Potential Impact on Studies of the Immune Response
Viral hemorrhagic fever viruses come from a wide range of virus families and are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide each year. Animal models of infection with a number of these viruses have contributed to our knowledge of their pathogenesis and have been crucial for the develop...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/3/275 |
| _version_ | 1797416668100558848 |
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| author | Bryce M. Warner |
| author_facet | Bryce M. Warner |
| author_sort | Bryce M. Warner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Viral hemorrhagic fever viruses come from a wide range of virus families and are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide each year. Animal models of infection with a number of these viruses have contributed to our knowledge of their pathogenesis and have been crucial for the development of therapeutics and vaccines that have been approved for human use. Most of these models use artificially high doses of virus, ensuring lethality in pre-clinical drug development studies. However, this can have a significant effect on the immune response generated. Here I discuss how the dose of antigen or pathogen is a critical determinant of immune responses and suggest that the current study of viruses in animal models should take this into account when developing and studying animal models of disease. This can have implications for determination of immune correlates of protection against disease as well as informing relevant vaccination and therapeutic strategies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:06:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a2f01015c6184f08bdf983edcb4f5498 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:06:31Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-a2f01015c6184f08bdf983edcb4f54982023-12-03T12:02:41ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172021-03-0110327510.3390/pathogens10030275Pathogen Dose in Animal Models of Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Infections and the Potential Impact on Studies of the Immune ResponseBryce M. Warner0Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, CanadaViral hemorrhagic fever viruses come from a wide range of virus families and are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide each year. Animal models of infection with a number of these viruses have contributed to our knowledge of their pathogenesis and have been crucial for the development of therapeutics and vaccines that have been approved for human use. Most of these models use artificially high doses of virus, ensuring lethality in pre-clinical drug development studies. However, this can have a significant effect on the immune response generated. Here I discuss how the dose of antigen or pathogen is a critical determinant of immune responses and suggest that the current study of viruses in animal models should take this into account when developing and studying animal models of disease. This can have implications for determination of immune correlates of protection against disease as well as informing relevant vaccination and therapeutic strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/3/275animal modelhemorrhagic feverhemorrhagic fever virusesEbola virusLassa viruspathogen dose |
| spellingShingle | Bryce M. Warner Pathogen Dose in Animal Models of Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Infections and the Potential Impact on Studies of the Immune Response Pathogens animal model hemorrhagic fever hemorrhagic fever viruses Ebola virus Lassa virus pathogen dose |
| title | Pathogen Dose in Animal Models of Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Infections and the Potential Impact on Studies of the Immune Response |
| title_full | Pathogen Dose in Animal Models of Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Infections and the Potential Impact on Studies of the Immune Response |
| title_fullStr | Pathogen Dose in Animal Models of Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Infections and the Potential Impact on Studies of the Immune Response |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pathogen Dose in Animal Models of Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Infections and the Potential Impact on Studies of the Immune Response |
| title_short | Pathogen Dose in Animal Models of Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Infections and the Potential Impact on Studies of the Immune Response |
| title_sort | pathogen dose in animal models of hemorrhagic fever virus infections and the potential impact on studies of the immune response |
| topic | animal model hemorrhagic fever hemorrhagic fever viruses Ebola virus Lassa virus pathogen dose |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/10/3/275 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT brycemwarner pathogendoseinanimalmodelsofhemorrhagicfevervirusinfectionsandthepotentialimpactonstudiesoftheimmuneresponse |