Can Agroforestry Contribute to Food and Livelihood Security for Indonesia’s Smallholders in the Climate Change Era?
In Indonesia, smallholders have historically practiced agroforestry, which warrants examination in terms of food and livelihood security within sustainable community forest frameworks. Based on a literature review, we analyzed these two forms of security related to smallholder agroforestry practices...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Agriculture |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/13/10/1896 |
| _version_ | 1827722147431186432 |
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| author | Aris Sudomo Budi Leksono Hesti Lestari Tata Anita Apriliani Dwi Rahayu Aziz Umroni Heny Rianawati Asmaliyah Krisnawati Ali Setyayudi Marcellinus Mandira Budi Utomo Levina Augusta Geraldine Pieter Arini Wresta Yonky Indrajaya Syed Ajijur Rahman Himlal Baral |
| author_facet | Aris Sudomo Budi Leksono Hesti Lestari Tata Anita Apriliani Dwi Rahayu Aziz Umroni Heny Rianawati Asmaliyah Krisnawati Ali Setyayudi Marcellinus Mandira Budi Utomo Levina Augusta Geraldine Pieter Arini Wresta Yonky Indrajaya Syed Ajijur Rahman Himlal Baral |
| author_sort | Aris Sudomo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In Indonesia, smallholders have historically practiced agroforestry, which warrants examination in terms of food and livelihood security within sustainable community forest frameworks. Based on a literature review, we analyzed these two forms of security related to smallholder agroforestry practices. Findings indicate diverse agroforestry systems, with 88% focusing on non-timber forest products (NTFPs) and 12% on timber. While 42% prioritize direct food supply, 58% emphasize income generation through product sales. However, agroforestry that does not produce food for direct consumption by smallholders generates revenue for purchasing food necessities. Agroforestry supports both food needs (46–61%) and income (51–54%) for smallholders, surpassing traditional agriculture (13%). Semi-commercial agroforestry (57%) is a predominant livelihood prospect. The remaining 27% are purely subsistence, and 15% are purely commercial. However, the commercialization of agroforestry that focuses only on high-value commodities results in a negative impact on biodiversity. There is a concomitant decrease in environmental services for climate change mitigation and adaptation. Biodiversity remains crucial for climate resilience, health care, and food security in rural communities. Semi-commercial agroforestry is a midpoint for achieving multifunctional agriculture (biodiversity, soil and water conservation, food security, and income) in the climate change era. The research directly related to food security and ecosystem services quantification remains limited, necessitating further investigation. Policy support and incentives are essential for smallholders practicing complex agroforestry for climate adaptation and mitigation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:31:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a2f832178bbb41249c1d3f4b5dfccec0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0472 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:31:31Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj.art-a2f832178bbb41249c1d3f4b5dfccec02023-11-19T15:18:18ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722023-09-011310189610.3390/agriculture13101896Can Agroforestry Contribute to Food and Livelihood Security for Indonesia’s Smallholders in the Climate Change Era?Aris Sudomo0Budi Leksono1Hesti Lestari Tata2Anita Apriliani Dwi Rahayu3Aziz Umroni4Heny Rianawati5Asmaliyah6Krisnawati7Ali Setyayudi8Marcellinus Mandira Budi Utomo9Levina Augusta Geraldine Pieter10Arini Wresta11Yonky Indrajaya12Syed Ajijur Rahman13Himlal Baral14Research Center for Plant Conservation, Botanic Gardens, and Forestry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong 16911, IndonesiaResearch Center for Plant Conservation, Botanic Gardens, and Forestry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong 16911, IndonesiaResearch Center for Ecology and Ethnobiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong 16911, IndonesiaResearch Center for Plant Conservation, Botanic Gardens, and Forestry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong 16911, IndonesiaResearch Center for Plant Conservation, Botanic Gardens, and Forestry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong 16911, IndonesiaResearch Center for Plant Conservation, Botanic Gardens, and Forestry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong 16911, IndonesiaResearch Center for Plant Conservation, Botanic Gardens, and Forestry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong 16911, IndonesiaResearch Center for Plant Conservation, Botanic Gardens, and Forestry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong 16911, IndonesiaResearch Center for Plant Conservation, Botanic Gardens, and Forestry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong 16911, IndonesiaResearch Center for Society and Culture, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Gatot Subroto No. Kav 10, Jakarta 12710, IndonesiaResearch Center for Society and Culture, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Gatot Subroto No. Kav 10, Jakarta 12710, IndonesiaResearch Center for Environmental and Clean Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bandung 40135, IndonesiaResearch Center for Ecology and Ethnobiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong 16911, IndonesiaInstitute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaCenter for International Forestry Research and World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF), Bogor 16115, IndonesiaIn Indonesia, smallholders have historically practiced agroforestry, which warrants examination in terms of food and livelihood security within sustainable community forest frameworks. Based on a literature review, we analyzed these two forms of security related to smallholder agroforestry practices. Findings indicate diverse agroforestry systems, with 88% focusing on non-timber forest products (NTFPs) and 12% on timber. While 42% prioritize direct food supply, 58% emphasize income generation through product sales. However, agroforestry that does not produce food for direct consumption by smallholders generates revenue for purchasing food necessities. Agroforestry supports both food needs (46–61%) and income (51–54%) for smallholders, surpassing traditional agriculture (13%). Semi-commercial agroforestry (57%) is a predominant livelihood prospect. The remaining 27% are purely subsistence, and 15% are purely commercial. However, the commercialization of agroforestry that focuses only on high-value commodities results in a negative impact on biodiversity. There is a concomitant decrease in environmental services for climate change mitigation and adaptation. Biodiversity remains crucial for climate resilience, health care, and food security in rural communities. Semi-commercial agroforestry is a midpoint for achieving multifunctional agriculture (biodiversity, soil and water conservation, food security, and income) in the climate change era. The research directly related to food security and ecosystem services quantification remains limited, necessitating further investigation. Policy support and incentives are essential for smallholders practicing complex agroforestry for climate adaptation and mitigation.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/13/10/1896agroforestrysustainabilitysubsistencecommercializationcommunity forestry |
| spellingShingle | Aris Sudomo Budi Leksono Hesti Lestari Tata Anita Apriliani Dwi Rahayu Aziz Umroni Heny Rianawati Asmaliyah Krisnawati Ali Setyayudi Marcellinus Mandira Budi Utomo Levina Augusta Geraldine Pieter Arini Wresta Yonky Indrajaya Syed Ajijur Rahman Himlal Baral Can Agroforestry Contribute to Food and Livelihood Security for Indonesia’s Smallholders in the Climate Change Era? Agriculture agroforestry sustainability subsistence commercialization community forestry |
| title | Can Agroforestry Contribute to Food and Livelihood Security for Indonesia’s Smallholders in the Climate Change Era? |
| title_full | Can Agroforestry Contribute to Food and Livelihood Security for Indonesia’s Smallholders in the Climate Change Era? |
| title_fullStr | Can Agroforestry Contribute to Food and Livelihood Security for Indonesia’s Smallholders in the Climate Change Era? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Can Agroforestry Contribute to Food and Livelihood Security for Indonesia’s Smallholders in the Climate Change Era? |
| title_short | Can Agroforestry Contribute to Food and Livelihood Security for Indonesia’s Smallholders in the Climate Change Era? |
| title_sort | can agroforestry contribute to food and livelihood security for indonesia s smallholders in the climate change era |
| topic | agroforestry sustainability subsistence commercialization community forestry |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/13/10/1896 |
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