Highly Sensitive and Selective Sol-Gel Spin-Coated Composite TiO<sub>2</sub>–PANI Thin Films for EGFET-pH Sensor
A highly selective and sensitive EGFET-pH sensor based on composite TiO<sub>2</sub>–PANI had been developed in this work. A sol-gel titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) and the composite of TiO<sub>2</sub> with semiconducting polyaniline (PANI) were deposited using...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/8/11/690 |
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| author | Nur Syahirah Kamarozaman Nurbaya Zainal Aimi Bazilah Rosli Muhammad Alhadi Zulkefle Nik Raikhan Nik Him Wan Fazlida Hanim Abdullah Sukreen Hana Herman Zurita Zulkifli |
| author_facet | Nur Syahirah Kamarozaman Nurbaya Zainal Aimi Bazilah Rosli Muhammad Alhadi Zulkefle Nik Raikhan Nik Him Wan Fazlida Hanim Abdullah Sukreen Hana Herman Zurita Zulkifli |
| author_sort | Nur Syahirah Kamarozaman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A highly selective and sensitive EGFET-pH sensor based on composite TiO<sub>2</sub>–PANI had been developed in this work. A sol-gel titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) and the composite of TiO<sub>2</sub> with semiconducting polyaniline (PANI) were deposited using a simple spin-coating method on an indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate. The films have been explored as a sensing electrode (SE) of extended gate field-effect transistor (EGFET) for pH applications in the range of pH 2 to 12. The pH sensitivities between TiO<sub>2</sub>, TiO<sub>2</sub>–PANI bilayer composite, and TiO<sub>2</sub>–PANI composite thin films were discussed. Among these, the TiO<sub>2</sub>–PANI composite thin film showed a super-Nernstian behavior with high sensitivity of 66.1 mV/pH and linearity of 0.9931; good repeatability with a standard deviation of 0.49%; a low hysteresis value of 3 mV; and drift rates of 4.96, 5.54, and 3.32 mV/h in pH 4, 7, and 10, respectively, for 6 h. Upon applying the TiO<sub>2</sub>–PANI composite as the SE for nitrate measurement, low sensitivity of 12.9 mV/dec was obtained, indicating that this film is a highly selective sensing electrode as a pH sensor. The surface morphology and crystallinity of the thin films were also discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:03:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a30ada0c682845e89cea9232824574d6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2310-2861 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:03:45Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Gels |
| spelling | doaj.art-a30ada0c682845e89cea9232824574d62023-11-24T04:46:10ZengMDPI AGGels2310-28612022-10-0181169010.3390/gels8110690Highly Sensitive and Selective Sol-Gel Spin-Coated Composite TiO<sub>2</sub>–PANI Thin Films for EGFET-pH SensorNur Syahirah Kamarozaman0Nurbaya Zainal1Aimi Bazilah Rosli2Muhammad Alhadi Zulkefle3Nik Raikhan Nik Him4Wan Fazlida Hanim Abdullah5Sukreen Hana Herman6Zurita Zulkifli7Integrated Sensors Research Group, School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, MalaysiaIntegrated Sensors Research Group, School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, MalaysiaIntegrated Sensors Research Group, School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, MalaysiaIntegrated Sensors Research Group, School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, MalaysiaIntegrated Sensors Research Group, School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, MalaysiaIntegrated Sensors Research Group, School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, MalaysiaIntegrated Sensors Research Group, School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, MalaysiaNANO-ElecTronic Centre, School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, MalaysiaA highly selective and sensitive EGFET-pH sensor based on composite TiO<sub>2</sub>–PANI had been developed in this work. A sol-gel titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) and the composite of TiO<sub>2</sub> with semiconducting polyaniline (PANI) were deposited using a simple spin-coating method on an indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate. The films have been explored as a sensing electrode (SE) of extended gate field-effect transistor (EGFET) for pH applications in the range of pH 2 to 12. The pH sensitivities between TiO<sub>2</sub>, TiO<sub>2</sub>–PANI bilayer composite, and TiO<sub>2</sub>–PANI composite thin films were discussed. Among these, the TiO<sub>2</sub>–PANI composite thin film showed a super-Nernstian behavior with high sensitivity of 66.1 mV/pH and linearity of 0.9931; good repeatability with a standard deviation of 0.49%; a low hysteresis value of 3 mV; and drift rates of 4.96, 5.54, and 3.32 mV/h in pH 4, 7, and 10, respectively, for 6 h. Upon applying the TiO<sub>2</sub>–PANI composite as the SE for nitrate measurement, low sensitivity of 12.9 mV/dec was obtained, indicating that this film is a highly selective sensing electrode as a pH sensor. The surface morphology and crystallinity of the thin films were also discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/8/11/690EGFETsol-gel spin-coating methodTiO<sub>2</sub> thin filmcomposite TiO<sub>2</sub>–PANI thin filmpH sensor |
| spellingShingle | Nur Syahirah Kamarozaman Nurbaya Zainal Aimi Bazilah Rosli Muhammad Alhadi Zulkefle Nik Raikhan Nik Him Wan Fazlida Hanim Abdullah Sukreen Hana Herman Zurita Zulkifli Highly Sensitive and Selective Sol-Gel Spin-Coated Composite TiO<sub>2</sub>–PANI Thin Films for EGFET-pH Sensor Gels EGFET sol-gel spin-coating method TiO<sub>2</sub> thin film composite TiO<sub>2</sub>–PANI thin film pH sensor |
| title | Highly Sensitive and Selective Sol-Gel Spin-Coated Composite TiO<sub>2</sub>–PANI Thin Films for EGFET-pH Sensor |
| title_full | Highly Sensitive and Selective Sol-Gel Spin-Coated Composite TiO<sub>2</sub>–PANI Thin Films for EGFET-pH Sensor |
| title_fullStr | Highly Sensitive and Selective Sol-Gel Spin-Coated Composite TiO<sub>2</sub>–PANI Thin Films for EGFET-pH Sensor |
| title_full_unstemmed | Highly Sensitive and Selective Sol-Gel Spin-Coated Composite TiO<sub>2</sub>–PANI Thin Films for EGFET-pH Sensor |
| title_short | Highly Sensitive and Selective Sol-Gel Spin-Coated Composite TiO<sub>2</sub>–PANI Thin Films for EGFET-pH Sensor |
| title_sort | highly sensitive and selective sol gel spin coated composite tio sub 2 sub pani thin films for egfet ph sensor |
| topic | EGFET sol-gel spin-coating method TiO<sub>2</sub> thin film composite TiO<sub>2</sub>–PANI thin film pH sensor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/8/11/690 |
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