Anaerobic Feces Processing for Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Improves Viability of Obligate Anaerobes
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is under investigation for several indications, including ulcerative colitis (UC). The clinical success of FMT depends partly on the engraftment of viable bacteria. Because the vast majority of human gut microbiota consists of anaerobes, the currently used aero...
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/9/2238 |
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| author | Mèlanie V. Bénard Iñaki Arretxe Koen Wortelboer Hermie J. M. Harmsen Mark Davids Clara M. A. de Bruijn Marc A. Benninga Floor Hugenholtz Hilde Herrema Cyriel Y. Ponsioen |
| author_facet | Mèlanie V. Bénard Iñaki Arretxe Koen Wortelboer Hermie J. M. Harmsen Mark Davids Clara M. A. de Bruijn Marc A. Benninga Floor Hugenholtz Hilde Herrema Cyriel Y. Ponsioen |
| author_sort | Mèlanie V. Bénard |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is under investigation for several indications, including ulcerative colitis (UC). The clinical success of FMT depends partly on the engraftment of viable bacteria. Because the vast majority of human gut microbiota consists of anaerobes, the currently used aerobic processing protocols of donor stool may diminish the bacterial viability of transplanted material. This study assessed the effect of four processing techniques for donor stool (i.e., anaerobic and aerobic, both direct processing and after temporary cool storage) on bacterial viability. By combining anaerobic culturing on customized media for anaerobes with 16S rRNA sequencing, we could successfully culture and identify the majority of the bacteria present in raw fecal suspensions. We show that direct anaerobic processing of donor stool is superior to aerobic processing conditions for preserving the bacterial viability of obligate anaerobes and butyrate-producing bacteria related to the clinical response to FMT in ulcerative colitis patients, including <i>Faecalibacterium</i>, <i>Eubacterium hallii</i>, and <i>Blautia</i>. The effect of oxygen exposure during stool processing decreased when the samples were stored long-term. Our results confirm the importance of sample conditioning to preserve the bacterial viability of oxygen-sensitive gut bacteria. Anaerobic processing of donor stool may lead to increased clinical success of FMT, which should further be investigated in clinical trials. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:27:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a30de248f75e4d489c38dd78c03a596f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:27:17Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-a30de248f75e4d489c38dd78c03a596f2023-11-19T12:02:32ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-09-01119223810.3390/microorganisms11092238Anaerobic Feces Processing for Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Improves Viability of Obligate AnaerobesMèlanie V. Bénard0Iñaki Arretxe1Koen Wortelboer2Hermie J. M. Harmsen3Mark Davids4Clara M. A. de Bruijn5Marc A. Benninga6Floor Hugenholtz7Hilde Herrema8Cyriel Y. Ponsioen9Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The NetherlandsCenter for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The NetherlandsFecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is under investigation for several indications, including ulcerative colitis (UC). The clinical success of FMT depends partly on the engraftment of viable bacteria. Because the vast majority of human gut microbiota consists of anaerobes, the currently used aerobic processing protocols of donor stool may diminish the bacterial viability of transplanted material. This study assessed the effect of four processing techniques for donor stool (i.e., anaerobic and aerobic, both direct processing and after temporary cool storage) on bacterial viability. By combining anaerobic culturing on customized media for anaerobes with 16S rRNA sequencing, we could successfully culture and identify the majority of the bacteria present in raw fecal suspensions. We show that direct anaerobic processing of donor stool is superior to aerobic processing conditions for preserving the bacterial viability of obligate anaerobes and butyrate-producing bacteria related to the clinical response to FMT in ulcerative colitis patients, including <i>Faecalibacterium</i>, <i>Eubacterium hallii</i>, and <i>Blautia</i>. The effect of oxygen exposure during stool processing decreased when the samples were stored long-term. Our results confirm the importance of sample conditioning to preserve the bacterial viability of oxygen-sensitive gut bacteria. Anaerobic processing of donor stool may lead to increased clinical success of FMT, which should further be investigated in clinical trials.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/9/2238fecal microbiota transplantationculturabilitybacterial viabilitygut microbiotaulcerative colitisanaerobic bacteria |
| spellingShingle | Mèlanie V. Bénard Iñaki Arretxe Koen Wortelboer Hermie J. M. Harmsen Mark Davids Clara M. A. de Bruijn Marc A. Benninga Floor Hugenholtz Hilde Herrema Cyriel Y. Ponsioen Anaerobic Feces Processing for Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Improves Viability of Obligate Anaerobes Microorganisms fecal microbiota transplantation culturability bacterial viability gut microbiota ulcerative colitis anaerobic bacteria |
| title | Anaerobic Feces Processing for Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Improves Viability of Obligate Anaerobes |
| title_full | Anaerobic Feces Processing for Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Improves Viability of Obligate Anaerobes |
| title_fullStr | Anaerobic Feces Processing for Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Improves Viability of Obligate Anaerobes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Anaerobic Feces Processing for Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Improves Viability of Obligate Anaerobes |
| title_short | Anaerobic Feces Processing for Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Improves Viability of Obligate Anaerobes |
| title_sort | anaerobic feces processing for fecal microbiota transplantation improves viability of obligate anaerobes |
| topic | fecal microbiota transplantation culturability bacterial viability gut microbiota ulcerative colitis anaerobic bacteria |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/9/2238 |
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