Advances in Gold Nanoparticle-Based Combined Cancer Therapy

According to the global cancer observatory (GLOBOCAN), there are approximately 18 million new cancer cases per year worldwide. Cancer therapies are largely limited to surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. In radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the maximum tolerated dose is presently being used to trea...

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Main Authors: Kyle Bromma, Devika B. Chithrani
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2020-08-01
Series:Nanomaterials
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/9/1671
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author Kyle Bromma
Devika B. Chithrani
author_facet Kyle Bromma
Devika B. Chithrani
author_sort Kyle Bromma
collection DOAJ
description According to the global cancer observatory (GLOBOCAN), there are approximately 18 million new cancer cases per year worldwide. Cancer therapies are largely limited to surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. In radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the maximum tolerated dose is presently being used to treat cancer patients. The integrated development of innovative nanoparticle (NP) based approaches will be a key to address one of the main issues in both radiotherapy and chemotherapy: normal tissue toxicity. Among other inorganic NP systems, gold nanoparticle (GNP) based systems offer the means to further improve chemotherapy through controlled delivery of chemotherapeutics, while local radiotherapy dose can be enhanced by targeting the GNPs to the tumor. There have been over 20 nanotechnology-based therapeutic products approved for clinical use in the past two decades. Hence, the goal of this review is to understand what we have achieved so far and what else we can do to accelerate clinical use of GNP-based therapeutic platforms to minimize normal tissue toxicity while increasing the efficacy of the treatment. Nanomedicine will revolutionize future cancer treatment options and our ultimate goal should be to develop treatments that have minimum side effects, for improving the quality of life of all cancer patients.
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spelling doaj.art-a3198a7921c44e8fa36533056eb4327b2023-11-20T11:25:52ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912020-08-01109167110.3390/nano10091671Advances in Gold Nanoparticle-Based Combined Cancer TherapyKyle Bromma0Devika B. Chithrani1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, CanadaDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, CanadaAccording to the global cancer observatory (GLOBOCAN), there are approximately 18 million new cancer cases per year worldwide. Cancer therapies are largely limited to surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. In radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the maximum tolerated dose is presently being used to treat cancer patients. The integrated development of innovative nanoparticle (NP) based approaches will be a key to address one of the main issues in both radiotherapy and chemotherapy: normal tissue toxicity. Among other inorganic NP systems, gold nanoparticle (GNP) based systems offer the means to further improve chemotherapy through controlled delivery of chemotherapeutics, while local radiotherapy dose can be enhanced by targeting the GNPs to the tumor. There have been over 20 nanotechnology-based therapeutic products approved for clinical use in the past two decades. Hence, the goal of this review is to understand what we have achieved so far and what else we can do to accelerate clinical use of GNP-based therapeutic platforms to minimize normal tissue toxicity while increasing the efficacy of the treatment. Nanomedicine will revolutionize future cancer treatment options and our ultimate goal should be to develop treatments that have minimum side effects, for improving the quality of life of all cancer patients.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/9/1671gold nanoparticlesradiationchemotherapyradiosensitizerdrug delivery systemchemoradiotherapy
spellingShingle Kyle Bromma
Devika B. Chithrani
Advances in Gold Nanoparticle-Based Combined Cancer Therapy
Nanomaterials
gold nanoparticles
radiation
chemotherapy
radiosensitizer
drug delivery system
chemoradiotherapy
title Advances in Gold Nanoparticle-Based Combined Cancer Therapy
title_full Advances in Gold Nanoparticle-Based Combined Cancer Therapy
title_fullStr Advances in Gold Nanoparticle-Based Combined Cancer Therapy
title_full_unstemmed Advances in Gold Nanoparticle-Based Combined Cancer Therapy
title_short Advances in Gold Nanoparticle-Based Combined Cancer Therapy
title_sort advances in gold nanoparticle based combined cancer therapy
topic gold nanoparticles
radiation
chemotherapy
radiosensitizer
drug delivery system
chemoradiotherapy
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/9/1671
work_keys_str_mv AT kylebromma advancesingoldnanoparticlebasedcombinedcancertherapy
AT devikabchithrani advancesingoldnanoparticlebasedcombinedcancertherapy