Trends in prevalence and clustering of modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors across socioeconomic spectra in rural southwest China: a cross-sectional study
Objectives This study aimed to determine the changing prevalence of clustering of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors across socioeconomic spectra in rural southwest China.Design Data were collected from two waves of cross-sectional health interviews and examinations among individuals aged ≥35...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
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BMJ Publishing Group
2023-04-01
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| Series: | BMJ Open |
| Online Access: | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/13/4/e071152.full |
| _version_ | 1797837989402902528 |
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| author | Yi Zhao Cai Le Lan Liu Xia Wu Guo-hui Li Allison Rabkin Golden |
| author_facet | Yi Zhao Cai Le Lan Liu Xia Wu Guo-hui Li Allison Rabkin Golden |
| author_sort | Yi Zhao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives This study aimed to determine the changing prevalence of clustering of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors across socioeconomic spectra in rural southwest China.Design Data were collected from two waves of cross-sectional health interviews and examinations among individuals aged ≥35 years in rural China. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure and fasting blood sugar levels were recorded for each participant.Setting This study was conducted in rural Yunnan Province of China.Participants 8187 individuals in 2011 and 7572 in 2021 consented to participate in this study.Results From 2011 to 2021, prevalence increased of hypertension (26.1% vs 41.6%), diabetes mellitus (5.9% vs 9.8%), obesity (5.9% vs 12.0%) and central obesity (50.0% vs 58.3%) (p<0.01), while prevalence decreased of current smoking (35.2% vs 29.6%), secondhand smoke exposure (42.6% vs 27.4%) and current drinking (26.6% vs 29.6%) (p<0.01). This decade also saw an increase in the prevalence of participants with clustering of ≥2 (61.8% vs 63.0%) and ≥3 CVD risk factors (28.4% vs 32.2%) (p<0.05). These increasing rates were also observed among subgroups categorised by sex, ethnicity, education level, income level and those ≥45 years of age (p<0.05). In both 2011 and 2021, male participants and participants with a lower education level had higher prevalence of clustering of ≥2 and ≥3 CVD risk factors than their counterparts (p<0.01). Ethnic minority participants and participants with higher annual income had higher prevalence of clustering of CVD risk factors in 2011 but presented opposite associations in 2021 (p<0.01).Conclusion The prevalence of clustering of CVD risk factors increased substantially across all socioeconomic spectra in rural southwest China from 2011 to 2021. Future efforts to implement comprehensive lifestyle interventions to promote the prevention and control of CVD should in particular focus on men, those of Han ethnicity and those with low socioeconomic status. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T15:34:42Z |
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| id | doaj.art-a3234bdc4daa4eaba8a64d94d59a31ed |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2044-6055 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T15:34:42Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMJ Open |
| spelling | doaj.art-a3234bdc4daa4eaba8a64d94d59a31ed2023-04-28T01:00:06ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552023-04-0113410.1136/bmjopen-2022-071152Trends in prevalence and clustering of modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors across socioeconomic spectra in rural southwest China: a cross-sectional studyYi Zhao0Cai Le1Lan Liu2Xia Wu3Guo-hui Li4Allison Rabkin Golden51 Department of Liver Surgery, Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China4 Department of Health Management, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, ChinaObjectives This study aimed to determine the changing prevalence of clustering of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors across socioeconomic spectra in rural southwest China.Design Data were collected from two waves of cross-sectional health interviews and examinations among individuals aged ≥35 years in rural China. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure and fasting blood sugar levels were recorded for each participant.Setting This study was conducted in rural Yunnan Province of China.Participants 8187 individuals in 2011 and 7572 in 2021 consented to participate in this study.Results From 2011 to 2021, prevalence increased of hypertension (26.1% vs 41.6%), diabetes mellitus (5.9% vs 9.8%), obesity (5.9% vs 12.0%) and central obesity (50.0% vs 58.3%) (p<0.01), while prevalence decreased of current smoking (35.2% vs 29.6%), secondhand smoke exposure (42.6% vs 27.4%) and current drinking (26.6% vs 29.6%) (p<0.01). This decade also saw an increase in the prevalence of participants with clustering of ≥2 (61.8% vs 63.0%) and ≥3 CVD risk factors (28.4% vs 32.2%) (p<0.05). These increasing rates were also observed among subgroups categorised by sex, ethnicity, education level, income level and those ≥45 years of age (p<0.05). In both 2011 and 2021, male participants and participants with a lower education level had higher prevalence of clustering of ≥2 and ≥3 CVD risk factors than their counterparts (p<0.01). Ethnic minority participants and participants with higher annual income had higher prevalence of clustering of CVD risk factors in 2011 but presented opposite associations in 2021 (p<0.01).Conclusion The prevalence of clustering of CVD risk factors increased substantially across all socioeconomic spectra in rural southwest China from 2011 to 2021. Future efforts to implement comprehensive lifestyle interventions to promote the prevention and control of CVD should in particular focus on men, those of Han ethnicity and those with low socioeconomic status.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/13/4/e071152.full |
| spellingShingle | Yi Zhao Cai Le Lan Liu Xia Wu Guo-hui Li Allison Rabkin Golden Trends in prevalence and clustering of modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors across socioeconomic spectra in rural southwest China: a cross-sectional study BMJ Open |
| title | Trends in prevalence and clustering of modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors across socioeconomic spectra in rural southwest China: a cross-sectional study |
| title_full | Trends in prevalence and clustering of modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors across socioeconomic spectra in rural southwest China: a cross-sectional study |
| title_fullStr | Trends in prevalence and clustering of modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors across socioeconomic spectra in rural southwest China: a cross-sectional study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Trends in prevalence and clustering of modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors across socioeconomic spectra in rural southwest China: a cross-sectional study |
| title_short | Trends in prevalence and clustering of modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors across socioeconomic spectra in rural southwest China: a cross-sectional study |
| title_sort | trends in prevalence and clustering of modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors across socioeconomic spectra in rural southwest china a cross sectional study |
| url | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/13/4/e071152.full |
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