Effects of Inorganic Fertilizers on Virulence of the Entomopathogenic Nematode <i>Steinernema glaseri</i> and Peanut Germination under Field Conditions
The use of entomopathogenic nematodes as safe biopesticidal alternatives to hazardous chemicals entails improving the prediction of their native efficacy against soil pests. The effect of ten inorganic fertilizers, used extensively in Egypt, on the virulence of indigenous <i>Steinernema glaser...
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/5/945 |
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| author | Ibrahim E. Shehata Mostafa M. A. Hammam Mahfouz M. M. Abd-Elgawad |
| author_facet | Ibrahim E. Shehata Mostafa M. A. Hammam Mahfouz M. M. Abd-Elgawad |
| author_sort | Ibrahim E. Shehata |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The use of entomopathogenic nematodes as safe biopesticidal alternatives to hazardous chemicals entails improving the prediction of their native efficacy against soil pests. The effect of ten inorganic fertilizers, used extensively in Egypt, on the virulence of indigenous <i>Steinernema glaseri</i> and peanut germination was examined herein. The nematode added either before or tank-mixed with 1%, 5%, and 10% concentrations of each fertilizer in a peanut field was sampled 1 and 7 days before and 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 49, and 56 post-tank mixes to check for <i>S. glaseri</i> virulence via baiting soil with <i>Galleria mellonella</i> larvae. Phosphorus fertilizers had more adverse effects than others on <i>S. glaseri</i> virulence and peanut germination. Plots with only <i>S. glaseri</i> had high germination close to chlorpyrifos. Averages of insect mortality in soil samples of potassium, nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium (NPK), nitrogenous, and phosphorus fertilizers, and non-fertilized checks (nematode only) were 85.8, 83.8, 80, 69.2%, and 93.3% respectively. Using <i>S. glaseri</i> is preferred before fertilizing. Most 1% fertilizer concentrations are compatible with <i>S. glaseri</i> in tank mixes for short-term (1–7 days) insect control but may affect long-term control. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:33:55Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:33:55Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-a33864dd70af4e6fb6fcbc8a711f17422023-11-21T19:03:50ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952021-05-0111594510.3390/agronomy11050945Effects of Inorganic Fertilizers on Virulence of the Entomopathogenic Nematode <i>Steinernema glaseri</i> and Peanut Germination under Field ConditionsIbrahim E. Shehata0Mostafa M. A. Hammam1Mahfouz M. M. Abd-Elgawad2National Research Centre, Pests and Plant Protection Department, Dokki, Giza 12622, EgyptNational Research Centre, Plant Pathology Department, Dokki, Giza 12622, EgyptNational Research Centre, Plant Pathology Department, Dokki, Giza 12622, EgyptThe use of entomopathogenic nematodes as safe biopesticidal alternatives to hazardous chemicals entails improving the prediction of their native efficacy against soil pests. The effect of ten inorganic fertilizers, used extensively in Egypt, on the virulence of indigenous <i>Steinernema glaseri</i> and peanut germination was examined herein. The nematode added either before or tank-mixed with 1%, 5%, and 10% concentrations of each fertilizer in a peanut field was sampled 1 and 7 days before and 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 49, and 56 post-tank mixes to check for <i>S. glaseri</i> virulence via baiting soil with <i>Galleria mellonella</i> larvae. Phosphorus fertilizers had more adverse effects than others on <i>S. glaseri</i> virulence and peanut germination. Plots with only <i>S. glaseri</i> had high germination close to chlorpyrifos. Averages of insect mortality in soil samples of potassium, nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium (NPK), nitrogenous, and phosphorus fertilizers, and non-fertilized checks (nematode only) were 85.8, 83.8, 80, 69.2%, and 93.3% respectively. Using <i>S. glaseri</i> is preferred before fertilizing. Most 1% fertilizer concentrations are compatible with <i>S. glaseri</i> in tank mixes for short-term (1–7 days) insect control but may affect long-term control.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/5/945biological control<i>Steinernema glaseri</i>inorganic fertilizerspeanutEgypt |
| spellingShingle | Ibrahim E. Shehata Mostafa M. A. Hammam Mahfouz M. M. Abd-Elgawad Effects of Inorganic Fertilizers on Virulence of the Entomopathogenic Nematode <i>Steinernema glaseri</i> and Peanut Germination under Field Conditions Agronomy biological control <i>Steinernema glaseri</i> inorganic fertilizers peanut Egypt |
| title | Effects of Inorganic Fertilizers on Virulence of the Entomopathogenic Nematode <i>Steinernema glaseri</i> and Peanut Germination under Field Conditions |
| title_full | Effects of Inorganic Fertilizers on Virulence of the Entomopathogenic Nematode <i>Steinernema glaseri</i> and Peanut Germination under Field Conditions |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Inorganic Fertilizers on Virulence of the Entomopathogenic Nematode <i>Steinernema glaseri</i> and Peanut Germination under Field Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Inorganic Fertilizers on Virulence of the Entomopathogenic Nematode <i>Steinernema glaseri</i> and Peanut Germination under Field Conditions |
| title_short | Effects of Inorganic Fertilizers on Virulence of the Entomopathogenic Nematode <i>Steinernema glaseri</i> and Peanut Germination under Field Conditions |
| title_sort | effects of inorganic fertilizers on virulence of the entomopathogenic nematode i steinernema glaseri i and peanut germination under field conditions |
| topic | biological control <i>Steinernema glaseri</i> inorganic fertilizers peanut Egypt |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/5/945 |
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