Performance and Milk Composition of Nubian Goats as Affected by Increasing Level of <i>Nannochloropsis oculata</i> Microalgae
Fat supplementation affects the lactational performance of goats and dramatically changes milk nutritive value. In the present experiment, two levels of <i>Nannochloropsis oculata</i> microalgae, a natural source of rumen-protected eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), were studied in the diet of...
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/12/2453 |
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| author | Ahmed E. Kholif Gouda A. Gouda Hatem A. Hamdon |
| author_facet | Ahmed E. Kholif Gouda A. Gouda Hatem A. Hamdon |
| author_sort | Ahmed E. Kholif |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fat supplementation affects the lactational performance of goats and dramatically changes milk nutritive value. In the present experiment, two levels of <i>Nannochloropsis oculata</i> microalgae, a natural source of rumen-protected eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), were studied in the diet of Nubian goats. Using quintuplicated 3 × 3 Latin square design, fifteen lactating goats, (14 ± 2 months old and 33.0 ± 1.3 kg) after kidding, were randomly assigned into three treatments in an 84-d assay. Goats were offered a basal diet comprising berseem clover, wheat straw and concentrates in 3:2:5, respectively, (control treatment-no supplementation). The other two treatments were supplemented with <i>N. oculata</i> microalgae at 5 g (NOM5 treatment) or 10 g (NOM10 treatment)/doe/d. Without affecting intake, treatments improved (<i>p</i> < 0.01) nutrient digestibility. Supplementations had no effect on ruminal pH and ammonia-nitrogen, however, NOM5 and NOM10 linearly improved (<i>p</i> < 0.05) total volatile fatty acids and propionic acids. <i>N. oculata</i> supplementation linearly increased (<i>p</i> < 0.01) milk yield and lactose content. Supplementation reduced atherogenic index (<i>p</i> = 0.004) and enhanced the concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids and C20:5n3 (EPA). Conclusively, feeding Nubian goats on diet supplemented with <i>N. oculata</i> at 5 and 10 g improved milk production and the nutritive value. No improvements in the performance were observed when <i>N. oculata</i> dose was increased from 5 g to 10 g/doe; thus, 5 g dose is recommended for use. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:52:30Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-a3550df5b8a4453ebcb12b723493ef692023-11-21T01:57:14ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152020-12-011012245310.3390/ani10122453Performance and Milk Composition of Nubian Goats as Affected by Increasing Level of <i>Nannochloropsis oculata</i> MicroalgaeAhmed E. Kholif0Gouda A. Gouda1Hatem A. Hamdon2Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St. Dokki, Giza 12622, EgyptDairy Science Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St. Dokki, Giza 12622, EgyptDepartment of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, New Valley University, New Valley 72511, EgyptFat supplementation affects the lactational performance of goats and dramatically changes milk nutritive value. In the present experiment, two levels of <i>Nannochloropsis oculata</i> microalgae, a natural source of rumen-protected eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), were studied in the diet of Nubian goats. Using quintuplicated 3 × 3 Latin square design, fifteen lactating goats, (14 ± 2 months old and 33.0 ± 1.3 kg) after kidding, were randomly assigned into three treatments in an 84-d assay. Goats were offered a basal diet comprising berseem clover, wheat straw and concentrates in 3:2:5, respectively, (control treatment-no supplementation). The other two treatments were supplemented with <i>N. oculata</i> microalgae at 5 g (NOM5 treatment) or 10 g (NOM10 treatment)/doe/d. Without affecting intake, treatments improved (<i>p</i> < 0.01) nutrient digestibility. Supplementations had no effect on ruminal pH and ammonia-nitrogen, however, NOM5 and NOM10 linearly improved (<i>p</i> < 0.05) total volatile fatty acids and propionic acids. <i>N. oculata</i> supplementation linearly increased (<i>p</i> < 0.01) milk yield and lactose content. Supplementation reduced atherogenic index (<i>p</i> = 0.004) and enhanced the concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids and C20:5n3 (EPA). Conclusively, feeding Nubian goats on diet supplemented with <i>N. oculata</i> at 5 and 10 g improved milk production and the nutritive value. No improvements in the performance were observed when <i>N. oculata</i> dose was increased from 5 g to 10 g/doe; thus, 5 g dose is recommended for use.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/12/2453blood metabolitesdigestibility coefficientseicosapentaenoic acidmilk fatty acidslactational performance<i>Nannochloropsis oculata</i> microalgae |
| spellingShingle | Ahmed E. Kholif Gouda A. Gouda Hatem A. Hamdon Performance and Milk Composition of Nubian Goats as Affected by Increasing Level of <i>Nannochloropsis oculata</i> Microalgae Animals blood metabolites digestibility coefficients eicosapentaenoic acid milk fatty acids lactational performance <i>Nannochloropsis oculata</i> microalgae |
| title | Performance and Milk Composition of Nubian Goats as Affected by Increasing Level of <i>Nannochloropsis oculata</i> Microalgae |
| title_full | Performance and Milk Composition of Nubian Goats as Affected by Increasing Level of <i>Nannochloropsis oculata</i> Microalgae |
| title_fullStr | Performance and Milk Composition of Nubian Goats as Affected by Increasing Level of <i>Nannochloropsis oculata</i> Microalgae |
| title_full_unstemmed | Performance and Milk Composition of Nubian Goats as Affected by Increasing Level of <i>Nannochloropsis oculata</i> Microalgae |
| title_short | Performance and Milk Composition of Nubian Goats as Affected by Increasing Level of <i>Nannochloropsis oculata</i> Microalgae |
| title_sort | performance and milk composition of nubian goats as affected by increasing level of i nannochloropsis oculata i microalgae |
| topic | blood metabolites digestibility coefficients eicosapentaenoic acid milk fatty acids lactational performance <i>Nannochloropsis oculata</i> microalgae |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/12/2453 |
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