Smart capsule for monitoring inflammation profile throughout the gastrointestinal tract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has become alarmingly prevalent in the last two decades affecting 6.8 million people worldwide with a starkly high relapse rate of 40% within 1 year of remission. Existing visual endoscopy techniques rely on subjective assessment of images that are error-prone and in...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590137023000778 |
| _version_ | 1827857100848496640 |
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| author | Sarath Gopalakrishnan Rithu Thomas Sotoudeh Sedaghat Akshay Krishnakumar Sadid Khan Trevor Meyer Hans Ajieren Sina Nejati Jiangshan Wang Mohit S. Verma Pedro Irazoqui Rahim Rahimi |
| author_facet | Sarath Gopalakrishnan Rithu Thomas Sotoudeh Sedaghat Akshay Krishnakumar Sadid Khan Trevor Meyer Hans Ajieren Sina Nejati Jiangshan Wang Mohit S. Verma Pedro Irazoqui Rahim Rahimi |
| author_sort | Sarath Gopalakrishnan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has become alarmingly prevalent in the last two decades affecting 6.8 million people worldwide with a starkly high relapse rate of 40% within 1 year of remission. Existing visual endoscopy techniques rely on subjective assessment of images that are error-prone and insufficient indicators of early-stage IBD, rendering them unsuitable for frequent and quantitative monitoring of gastrointestinal health necessary for detecting regular relapses in IBD patients. To address these limitations, we have implemented a miniaturized smart capsule (2.2 cm × 11 mm) that allows monitoring reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels as a biomarker of inflammation for quantitative and frequent profiling of inflammatory lesions throughout the gastrointestinal tract. The capsule is composed of a pH and oxidation reduction potential (ORP) sensor to track the capsule's location and ROS levels throughout the gastrointestinal tract, respectively, and an optimized electronic interface for wireless sensing and data communication. The designed sensors provided a linear and stable performance within the physiologically relevant range of the GI tract (pH: 1–8 and ORP: −500 to +500 mV). Additionally, systematic design optimization of the wireless interface electronics offered an efficient sampling rate of 10 ms for long-running measurements up to 48 h for a complete evaluation of the entire gastrointestinal tract. As a proof-of-concept, the capsule the capsule's performance in detecting inflammation risks was validated by conducting tests on in vitro cell culture conditions, simulating healthy and inflamed gut-like environments. The capsule presented here achieves a new milestone in addressing the emerging need for smart ingestible electronics for better diagnosis and treatment of digestive diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T12:35:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a3556217b60a469889efefd0b3abb2cf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2590-1370 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T12:35:31Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X |
| spelling | doaj.art-a3556217b60a469889efefd0b3abb2cf2023-08-29T04:17:56ZengElsevierBiosensors and Bioelectronics: X2590-13702023-09-0114100380Smart capsule for monitoring inflammation profile throughout the gastrointestinal tractSarath Gopalakrishnan0Rithu Thomas1Sotoudeh Sedaghat2Akshay Krishnakumar3Sadid Khan4Trevor Meyer5Hans Ajieren6Sina Nejati7Jiangshan Wang8Mohit S. Verma9Pedro Irazoqui10Rahim Rahimi11School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USASchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USABirck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USASchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USADepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USADepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USADepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USABirck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USABirck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USABirck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USADepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USASchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Corresponding author. School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has become alarmingly prevalent in the last two decades affecting 6.8 million people worldwide with a starkly high relapse rate of 40% within 1 year of remission. Existing visual endoscopy techniques rely on subjective assessment of images that are error-prone and insufficient indicators of early-stage IBD, rendering them unsuitable for frequent and quantitative monitoring of gastrointestinal health necessary for detecting regular relapses in IBD patients. To address these limitations, we have implemented a miniaturized smart capsule (2.2 cm × 11 mm) that allows monitoring reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels as a biomarker of inflammation for quantitative and frequent profiling of inflammatory lesions throughout the gastrointestinal tract. The capsule is composed of a pH and oxidation reduction potential (ORP) sensor to track the capsule's location and ROS levels throughout the gastrointestinal tract, respectively, and an optimized electronic interface for wireless sensing and data communication. The designed sensors provided a linear and stable performance within the physiologically relevant range of the GI tract (pH: 1–8 and ORP: −500 to +500 mV). Additionally, systematic design optimization of the wireless interface electronics offered an efficient sampling rate of 10 ms for long-running measurements up to 48 h for a complete evaluation of the entire gastrointestinal tract. As a proof-of-concept, the capsule the capsule's performance in detecting inflammation risks was validated by conducting tests on in vitro cell culture conditions, simulating healthy and inflamed gut-like environments. The capsule presented here achieves a new milestone in addressing the emerging need for smart ingestible electronics for better diagnosis and treatment of digestive diseases.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590137023000778Smart capsuleIngestible electronicsInflammatory bowel diseaseOxidation reduction potentialWireless sensing |
| spellingShingle | Sarath Gopalakrishnan Rithu Thomas Sotoudeh Sedaghat Akshay Krishnakumar Sadid Khan Trevor Meyer Hans Ajieren Sina Nejati Jiangshan Wang Mohit S. Verma Pedro Irazoqui Rahim Rahimi Smart capsule for monitoring inflammation profile throughout the gastrointestinal tract Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X Smart capsule Ingestible electronics Inflammatory bowel disease Oxidation reduction potential Wireless sensing |
| title | Smart capsule for monitoring inflammation profile throughout the gastrointestinal tract |
| title_full | Smart capsule for monitoring inflammation profile throughout the gastrointestinal tract |
| title_fullStr | Smart capsule for monitoring inflammation profile throughout the gastrointestinal tract |
| title_full_unstemmed | Smart capsule for monitoring inflammation profile throughout the gastrointestinal tract |
| title_short | Smart capsule for monitoring inflammation profile throughout the gastrointestinal tract |
| title_sort | smart capsule for monitoring inflammation profile throughout the gastrointestinal tract |
| topic | Smart capsule Ingestible electronics Inflammatory bowel disease Oxidation reduction potential Wireless sensing |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590137023000778 |
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