The chemical profiling of Salvia plebeia during different growth periods and the biosynthesis of its main flavonoids ingredients
Salvia plebeia (Lamiaceae) is a valuable medicinal plant widely distributed across Asia and Oceania. However, the composition and accumulation patterns of its active ingredients in different organs during the growth and their biosynthetic mechanism remain unknown. Therefore, we conducted metabolite...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1228356/full |
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| author | Yiqun Dai Yiqun Dai Ziyu Ye Hui Liu Ruirui Zhu Lanlan Sun Shuai Li Guoyong Xie Yan Zhu Yucheng Zhao Minjian Qin |
| author_facet | Yiqun Dai Yiqun Dai Ziyu Ye Hui Liu Ruirui Zhu Lanlan Sun Shuai Li Guoyong Xie Yan Zhu Yucheng Zhao Minjian Qin |
| author_sort | Yiqun Dai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Salvia plebeia (Lamiaceae) is a valuable medicinal plant widely distributed across Asia and Oceania. However, the composition and accumulation patterns of its active ingredients in different organs during the growth and their biosynthetic mechanism remain unknown. Therefore, we conducted metabolite profiling, transcriptomic analysis, and biological functional verification to explore the distribution, accumulation, and biosynthesis mechanisms of flavonoids in S. plebeia. We identified 70 metabolites including 46 flavonoids, 16 phenolic acids, seven terpenoids, and one organic acid, of which 21 were previously unreported in S. plebeia. Combining metabolomic-transcriptomic analysis and biological functional verification, we identified the key genes involved in biosynthesis of its main active ingredients, hispidulin and homoplantaginin, including SpPAL, SpC4H, Sp4CL2, Sp4CL5, SpCHS1, SpCHI, SpFNS, SpF6H1, SpF6OMT1, SpF6OMT2, SpUGT1, SpUGT2, and SpUGT3. Using the identified genes, we reconstructed the hispidulin and homoplantaginin biosynthesis pathways in Escherichia coli, and obtained a yield of 5.33 and 3.86 mg/L for hispidulin and homoplantaginin, respectively. Our findings provide valuable insights into the changes in chemical components in different organs of S. plebeia during different growth and harvest stages and establishes a foundation for identifying and synthesizing its active components. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T14:54:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a355d0f463084caaaf62457f4d733337 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T14:54:51Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-a355d0f463084caaaf62457f4d7333372023-08-15T03:45:50ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2023-08-011410.3389/fpls.2023.12283561228356The chemical profiling of Salvia plebeia during different growth periods and the biosynthesis of its main flavonoids ingredientsYiqun Dai0Yiqun Dai1Ziyu Ye2Hui Liu3Ruirui Zhu4Lanlan Sun5Shuai Li6Guoyong Xie7Yan Zhu8Yucheng Zhao9Minjian Qin10Department of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, ChinaDepartment of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, ChinaYangzhou Center for Food and Drug Control, Yangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Resources Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, ChinaSalvia plebeia (Lamiaceae) is a valuable medicinal plant widely distributed across Asia and Oceania. However, the composition and accumulation patterns of its active ingredients in different organs during the growth and their biosynthetic mechanism remain unknown. Therefore, we conducted metabolite profiling, transcriptomic analysis, and biological functional verification to explore the distribution, accumulation, and biosynthesis mechanisms of flavonoids in S. plebeia. We identified 70 metabolites including 46 flavonoids, 16 phenolic acids, seven terpenoids, and one organic acid, of which 21 were previously unreported in S. plebeia. Combining metabolomic-transcriptomic analysis and biological functional verification, we identified the key genes involved in biosynthesis of its main active ingredients, hispidulin and homoplantaginin, including SpPAL, SpC4H, Sp4CL2, Sp4CL5, SpCHS1, SpCHI, SpFNS, SpF6H1, SpF6OMT1, SpF6OMT2, SpUGT1, SpUGT2, and SpUGT3. Using the identified genes, we reconstructed the hispidulin and homoplantaginin biosynthesis pathways in Escherichia coli, and obtained a yield of 5.33 and 3.86 mg/L for hispidulin and homoplantaginin, respectively. Our findings provide valuable insights into the changes in chemical components in different organs of S. plebeia during different growth and harvest stages and establishes a foundation for identifying and synthesizing its active components.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1228356/fullSalvia plebeiaLC-MS/MStranscriptomeflavonoid biosynthesisdynamic distributionharvest time |
| spellingShingle | Yiqun Dai Yiqun Dai Ziyu Ye Hui Liu Ruirui Zhu Lanlan Sun Shuai Li Guoyong Xie Yan Zhu Yucheng Zhao Minjian Qin The chemical profiling of Salvia plebeia during different growth periods and the biosynthesis of its main flavonoids ingredients Frontiers in Plant Science Salvia plebeia LC-MS/MS transcriptome flavonoid biosynthesis dynamic distribution harvest time |
| title | The chemical profiling of Salvia plebeia during different growth periods and the biosynthesis of its main flavonoids ingredients |
| title_full | The chemical profiling of Salvia plebeia during different growth periods and the biosynthesis of its main flavonoids ingredients |
| title_fullStr | The chemical profiling of Salvia plebeia during different growth periods and the biosynthesis of its main flavonoids ingredients |
| title_full_unstemmed | The chemical profiling of Salvia plebeia during different growth periods and the biosynthesis of its main flavonoids ingredients |
| title_short | The chemical profiling of Salvia plebeia during different growth periods and the biosynthesis of its main flavonoids ingredients |
| title_sort | chemical profiling of salvia plebeia during different growth periods and the biosynthesis of its main flavonoids ingredients |
| topic | Salvia plebeia LC-MS/MS transcriptome flavonoid biosynthesis dynamic distribution harvest time |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1228356/full |
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