Gut Dysbiosis and Adaptive Immune Response in Diet-induced Obesity vs. Systemic Inflammation
A mutual interplay exists between adaptive immune system and gut microbiota. Altered gut microbial ecosystems are associated with the metabolic syndrome, occurring in most obese individuals. However, it is unknown why 10–25% of obese individuals are metabolically healthy, while normal weight individ...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2017-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01157/full |
| _version_ | 1811212139623350272 |
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| author | Jana Pindjakova Claudio Sartini Oriana Lo Re Francesca Rappa Berengere Coupe Benjamin Lelouvier Valerio Pazienza Manlio Vinciguerra Manlio Vinciguerra |
| author_facet | Jana Pindjakova Claudio Sartini Oriana Lo Re Francesca Rappa Berengere Coupe Benjamin Lelouvier Valerio Pazienza Manlio Vinciguerra Manlio Vinciguerra |
| author_sort | Jana Pindjakova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A mutual interplay exists between adaptive immune system and gut microbiota. Altered gut microbial ecosystems are associated with the metabolic syndrome, occurring in most obese individuals. However, it is unknown why 10–25% of obese individuals are metabolically healthy, while normal weight individuals can develop inflammation and atherosclerosis. We modeled these specific metabolic conditions in mice fed with a chow diet, an obesogenic but not inflammatory diet—mimicking healthy obesity, or Paigen diet—mimicking inflammation in the lean subjects. We analyzed a range of markers and cytokines in the aorta, heart, abdominal fat, liver and spleen, and metagenomics analyses were performed on stool samples. T lymphocytes infiltration was found in the aorta and in the liver upon both diets, however a significant increase in CD4+ and CD8+ cells was found only in the heart of Paigen-fed animals, paralleled by increased expression of IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, and IFN-γ. Bacteroidia, Deltaproteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia dominated in mice fed Paigen diet, while Gammaproteobacteria, Delataproteobacteria, and Erysipelotrichia were more abundant in obese mice. Mice reproducing human metabolic exceptions displayed gut microbiota phylogenetically distinct from normal diet-fed mice, and correlated with specific adaptive immune responses. Diet composition thus has a pervasive role in co-regulating adaptive immunity and the diversity of microbiota. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T05:24:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a357ab91faf84d5b9ede6fe2f64b7c71 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T05:24:54Z |
| publishDate | 2017-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-a357ab91faf84d5b9ede6fe2f64b7c712022-12-22T03:46:20ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2017-06-01810.3389/fmicb.2017.01157277160Gut Dysbiosis and Adaptive Immune Response in Diet-induced Obesity vs. Systemic InflammationJana Pindjakova0Claudio Sartini1Oriana Lo Re2Francesca Rappa3Berengere Coupe4Benjamin Lelouvier5Valerio Pazienza6Manlio Vinciguerra7Manlio Vinciguerra8Center for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University HospitalBrno, CzechiaDepartment of Primary Care and Population Health, University College LondonLondon, United KingdomCenter for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University HospitalBrno, CzechiaSection of Human Anatomy, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of PalermoPalermo, ItalyVaiomerLabège, FranceVaiomerLabège, FranceGastroenterology Unit, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” HospitalSan Giovanni Rotondo, ItalyCenter for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University HospitalBrno, CzechiaDivision of Medicine, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College LondonLondon, United KingdomA mutual interplay exists between adaptive immune system and gut microbiota. Altered gut microbial ecosystems are associated with the metabolic syndrome, occurring in most obese individuals. However, it is unknown why 10–25% of obese individuals are metabolically healthy, while normal weight individuals can develop inflammation and atherosclerosis. We modeled these specific metabolic conditions in mice fed with a chow diet, an obesogenic but not inflammatory diet—mimicking healthy obesity, or Paigen diet—mimicking inflammation in the lean subjects. We analyzed a range of markers and cytokines in the aorta, heart, abdominal fat, liver and spleen, and metagenomics analyses were performed on stool samples. T lymphocytes infiltration was found in the aorta and in the liver upon both diets, however a significant increase in CD4+ and CD8+ cells was found only in the heart of Paigen-fed animals, paralleled by increased expression of IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, and IFN-γ. Bacteroidia, Deltaproteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia dominated in mice fed Paigen diet, while Gammaproteobacteria, Delataproteobacteria, and Erysipelotrichia were more abundant in obese mice. Mice reproducing human metabolic exceptions displayed gut microbiota phylogenetically distinct from normal diet-fed mice, and correlated with specific adaptive immune responses. Diet composition thus has a pervasive role in co-regulating adaptive immunity and the diversity of microbiota.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01157/fullobesityinflammationgut microbiotaadaptive immune system |
| spellingShingle | Jana Pindjakova Claudio Sartini Oriana Lo Re Francesca Rappa Berengere Coupe Benjamin Lelouvier Valerio Pazienza Manlio Vinciguerra Manlio Vinciguerra Gut Dysbiosis and Adaptive Immune Response in Diet-induced Obesity vs. Systemic Inflammation Frontiers in Microbiology obesity inflammation gut microbiota adaptive immune system |
| title | Gut Dysbiosis and Adaptive Immune Response in Diet-induced Obesity vs. Systemic Inflammation |
| title_full | Gut Dysbiosis and Adaptive Immune Response in Diet-induced Obesity vs. Systemic Inflammation |
| title_fullStr | Gut Dysbiosis and Adaptive Immune Response in Diet-induced Obesity vs. Systemic Inflammation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gut Dysbiosis and Adaptive Immune Response in Diet-induced Obesity vs. Systemic Inflammation |
| title_short | Gut Dysbiosis and Adaptive Immune Response in Diet-induced Obesity vs. Systemic Inflammation |
| title_sort | gut dysbiosis and adaptive immune response in diet induced obesity vs systemic inflammation |
| topic | obesity inflammation gut microbiota adaptive immune system |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01157/full |
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