Transcription Control of Liver Development
During liver organogenesis, cellular transcriptional profiles are constantly reshaped by the action of hepatic transcriptional regulators, including FoxA1-3, GATA4/6, HNF1α/β, HNF4α, HNF6, OC-2, C/EBPα/β, Hex, and Prox1. These factors are crucial for the activation of hepatic genes that, in the cont...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/8/2026 |
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| author | Evangelia C. Tachmatzidi Ourania Galanopoulou Iannis Talianidis |
| author_facet | Evangelia C. Tachmatzidi Ourania Galanopoulou Iannis Talianidis |
| author_sort | Evangelia C. Tachmatzidi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | During liver organogenesis, cellular transcriptional profiles are constantly reshaped by the action of hepatic transcriptional regulators, including FoxA1-3, GATA4/6, HNF1α/β, HNF4α, HNF6, OC-2, C/EBPα/β, Hex, and Prox1. These factors are crucial for the activation of hepatic genes that, in the context of compact chromatin, cannot access their targets. The initial opening of highly condensed chromatin is executed by a special class of transcription factors known as pioneer factors. They bind and destabilize highly condensed chromatin and facilitate access to other “non-pioneer” factors. The association of target genes with pioneer and non-pioneer transcription factors takes place long before gene activation. In this way, the underlying gene regulatory regions are marked for future activation. The process is called “bookmarking”, which confers transcriptional competence on target genes. Developmental bookmarking is accompanied by a dynamic maturation process, which prepares the genomic loci for stable and efficient transcription. Stable hepatic expression profiles are maintained during development and adulthood by the constant availability of the main regulators. This is achieved by a self-sustaining regulatory network that is established by complex cross-regulatory interactions between the major regulators. This network gradually grows during liver development and provides an epigenetic memory mechanism for safeguarding the optimal expression of the regulators. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:55:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a358301aaba142f48ca1a5e0eeaf7540 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:55:44Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-a358301aaba142f48ca1a5e0eeaf75402023-11-22T07:10:41ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092021-08-01108202610.3390/cells10082026Transcription Control of Liver DevelopmentEvangelia C. Tachmatzidi0Ourania Galanopoulou1Iannis Talianidis2Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, 70013 Herakleion, Crete, GreeceInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, 70013 Herakleion, Crete, GreeceInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, FORTH, 70013 Herakleion, Crete, GreeceDuring liver organogenesis, cellular transcriptional profiles are constantly reshaped by the action of hepatic transcriptional regulators, including FoxA1-3, GATA4/6, HNF1α/β, HNF4α, HNF6, OC-2, C/EBPα/β, Hex, and Prox1. These factors are crucial for the activation of hepatic genes that, in the context of compact chromatin, cannot access their targets. The initial opening of highly condensed chromatin is executed by a special class of transcription factors known as pioneer factors. They bind and destabilize highly condensed chromatin and facilitate access to other “non-pioneer” factors. The association of target genes with pioneer and non-pioneer transcription factors takes place long before gene activation. In this way, the underlying gene regulatory regions are marked for future activation. The process is called “bookmarking”, which confers transcriptional competence on target genes. Developmental bookmarking is accompanied by a dynamic maturation process, which prepares the genomic loci for stable and efficient transcription. Stable hepatic expression profiles are maintained during development and adulthood by the constant availability of the main regulators. This is achieved by a self-sustaining regulatory network that is established by complex cross-regulatory interactions between the major regulators. This network gradually grows during liver development and provides an epigenetic memory mechanism for safeguarding the optimal expression of the regulators.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/8/2026livertranscription factorchromatindevelopmentbookmarkinggene expression |
| spellingShingle | Evangelia C. Tachmatzidi Ourania Galanopoulou Iannis Talianidis Transcription Control of Liver Development Cells liver transcription factor chromatin development bookmarking gene expression |
| title | Transcription Control of Liver Development |
| title_full | Transcription Control of Liver Development |
| title_fullStr | Transcription Control of Liver Development |
| title_full_unstemmed | Transcription Control of Liver Development |
| title_short | Transcription Control of Liver Development |
| title_sort | transcription control of liver development |
| topic | liver transcription factor chromatin development bookmarking gene expression |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/8/2026 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT evangeliactachmatzidi transcriptioncontrolofliverdevelopment AT ouraniagalanopoulou transcriptioncontrolofliverdevelopment AT iannistalianidis transcriptioncontrolofliverdevelopment |