AP-2δ Expression Kinetics in Multimodal Networks in the Developing Chicken Midbrain
AP-2 is a family of transcription factors involved in many aspects of development, cell differentiation, and regulation of cell growth and death. AP-2δ is a member of this group and specific gene expression patterns are required in the adult mouse brain for the development of parts of the inferior c...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neural Circuits |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncir.2021.756184/full |
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| author | Lutz Kettler Hicham Sid Carina Schaub Katharina Lischka Romina Klinger Markus Moser Benjamin Schusser Harald Luksch |
| author_facet | Lutz Kettler Hicham Sid Carina Schaub Katharina Lischka Romina Klinger Markus Moser Benjamin Schusser Harald Luksch |
| author_sort | Lutz Kettler |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | AP-2 is a family of transcription factors involved in many aspects of development, cell differentiation, and regulation of cell growth and death. AP-2δ is a member of this group and specific gene expression patterns are required in the adult mouse brain for the development of parts of the inferior colliculus (IC), as well as the cortex, dorsal thalamus, and superior colliculus. The midbrain is one of the central areas in the brain where multimodal integration, i.e., integration of information from different senses, occurs. Previous data showed that AP-2δ-deficient mice are viable but due to increased apoptosis at the end of embryogenesis, lack part of the posterior midbrain. Despite the absence of the IC in AP-2δ-deficient mice, these animals retain at least some higher auditory functions. Neuronal responses to tones in the neocortex suggest an alternative auditory pathway that bypasses the IC. While sufficient data are available in mammals, little is known about AP-2δ in chickens, an avian model for the localization of sounds and the development of auditory circuits in the brain. Here, we identified and localized AP-2δ expression in the chicken midbrain during embryogenesis. Our data confirmed the presence of AP-2δ in the inferior colliculus and optic tectum (TeO), specifically in shepherd’s crook neurons, which are an essential component of the midbrain isthmic network and involved in multimodal integration. AP-2δ expression in the chicken midbrain may be related to the integration of both auditory and visual afferents in these neurons. In the future, these insights may allow for a more detailed study of circuitry and computational rules of auditory and multimodal networks. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T08:57:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a360e22c586641e3ac8209b936768339 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5110 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T08:57:00Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neural Circuits |
| spelling | doaj.art-a360e22c586641e3ac8209b9367683392022-12-21T19:09:32ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neural Circuits1662-51102021-10-011510.3389/fncir.2021.756184756184AP-2δ Expression Kinetics in Multimodal Networks in the Developing Chicken MidbrainLutz Kettler0Hicham Sid1Carina Schaub2Katharina Lischka3Romina Klinger4Markus Moser5Benjamin Schusser6Harald Luksch7Chair of Zoology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, GermanyReproductive Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, GermanyChair of Zoology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, GermanyInstitute for Biology I, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, GermanyReproductive Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, GermanyTranslaTUM, Technical University of Munich, Munich, GermanyReproductive Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, GermanyChair of Zoology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, GermanyAP-2 is a family of transcription factors involved in many aspects of development, cell differentiation, and regulation of cell growth and death. AP-2δ is a member of this group and specific gene expression patterns are required in the adult mouse brain for the development of parts of the inferior colliculus (IC), as well as the cortex, dorsal thalamus, and superior colliculus. The midbrain is one of the central areas in the brain where multimodal integration, i.e., integration of information from different senses, occurs. Previous data showed that AP-2δ-deficient mice are viable but due to increased apoptosis at the end of embryogenesis, lack part of the posterior midbrain. Despite the absence of the IC in AP-2δ-deficient mice, these animals retain at least some higher auditory functions. Neuronal responses to tones in the neocortex suggest an alternative auditory pathway that bypasses the IC. While sufficient data are available in mammals, little is known about AP-2δ in chickens, an avian model for the localization of sounds and the development of auditory circuits in the brain. Here, we identified and localized AP-2δ expression in the chicken midbrain during embryogenesis. Our data confirmed the presence of AP-2δ in the inferior colliculus and optic tectum (TeO), specifically in shepherd’s crook neurons, which are an essential component of the midbrain isthmic network and involved in multimodal integration. AP-2δ expression in the chicken midbrain may be related to the integration of both auditory and visual afferents in these neurons. In the future, these insights may allow for a more detailed study of circuitry and computational rules of auditory and multimodal networks.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncir.2021.756184/fullAP-2chickeninferior colliculusoptic tectumshepherd’s crook neuronmultimodal |
| spellingShingle | Lutz Kettler Hicham Sid Carina Schaub Katharina Lischka Romina Klinger Markus Moser Benjamin Schusser Harald Luksch AP-2δ Expression Kinetics in Multimodal Networks in the Developing Chicken Midbrain Frontiers in Neural Circuits AP-2 chicken inferior colliculus optic tectum shepherd’s crook neuron multimodal |
| title | AP-2δ Expression Kinetics in Multimodal Networks in the Developing Chicken Midbrain |
| title_full | AP-2δ Expression Kinetics in Multimodal Networks in the Developing Chicken Midbrain |
| title_fullStr | AP-2δ Expression Kinetics in Multimodal Networks in the Developing Chicken Midbrain |
| title_full_unstemmed | AP-2δ Expression Kinetics in Multimodal Networks in the Developing Chicken Midbrain |
| title_short | AP-2δ Expression Kinetics in Multimodal Networks in the Developing Chicken Midbrain |
| title_sort | ap 2δ expression kinetics in multimodal networks in the developing chicken midbrain |
| topic | AP-2 chicken inferior colliculus optic tectum shepherd’s crook neuron multimodal |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncir.2021.756184/full |
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