Toxic Effects on Bioaccumulation, Hematological Parameters, Oxidative Stress, Immune Responses and Tissue Structure in Fish Exposed to Ammonia Nitrogen: A Review
Ammonia nitrogen is the major oxygen-consuming pollutant in aquatic environments. Exposure to ammonia nitrogen in the aquatic environment can lead to bioaccumulation in fish, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration is the main determinant of accumulation. In most aquatic environments, fish are at the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3304 |
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| author | Zhenkun Xu Jie Cao Xiaoming Qin Weiqiang Qiu Jun Mei Jing Xie |
| author_facet | Zhenkun Xu Jie Cao Xiaoming Qin Weiqiang Qiu Jun Mei Jing Xie |
| author_sort | Zhenkun Xu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ammonia nitrogen is the major oxygen-consuming pollutant in aquatic environments. Exposure to ammonia nitrogen in the aquatic environment can lead to bioaccumulation in fish, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration is the main determinant of accumulation. In most aquatic environments, fish are at the top of the food chain and are most vulnerable to the toxic effects of high levels of ammonia nitrogen exposure. In fish exposed to toxicants, ammonia-induced toxicity is mainly caused by bioaccumulation in certain tissues. Ammonia nitrogen absorbed in the fish enters the circulatory system and affects hematological properties. Ammonia nitrogen also breaks balance in antioxidant capacity and causes oxidative damage. In addition, ammonia nitrogen affects the immune response and causes neurotoxicity because of the physical and chemical toxicity. Thence, the purpose of this review was to investigate various toxic effects of ammonia nitrogen, including oxidative stress, neurotoxicity and immune response. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:46:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a369162e0c234f2eb64fbb819d42b8d7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:46:20Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-a369162e0c234f2eb64fbb819d42b8d72023-11-22T22:08:37ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152021-11-011111330410.3390/ani11113304Toxic Effects on Bioaccumulation, Hematological Parameters, Oxidative Stress, Immune Responses and Tissue Structure in Fish Exposed to Ammonia Nitrogen: A ReviewZhenkun Xu0Jie Cao1Xiaoming Qin2Weiqiang Qiu3Jun Mei4Jing Xie5College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaAmmonia nitrogen is the major oxygen-consuming pollutant in aquatic environments. Exposure to ammonia nitrogen in the aquatic environment can lead to bioaccumulation in fish, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration is the main determinant of accumulation. In most aquatic environments, fish are at the top of the food chain and are most vulnerable to the toxic effects of high levels of ammonia nitrogen exposure. In fish exposed to toxicants, ammonia-induced toxicity is mainly caused by bioaccumulation in certain tissues. Ammonia nitrogen absorbed in the fish enters the circulatory system and affects hematological properties. Ammonia nitrogen also breaks balance in antioxidant capacity and causes oxidative damage. In addition, ammonia nitrogen affects the immune response and causes neurotoxicity because of the physical and chemical toxicity. Thence, the purpose of this review was to investigate various toxic effects of ammonia nitrogen, including oxidative stress, neurotoxicity and immune response.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3304ammonia nitrogenfishoxidative stressneurotoxicityimmune response |
| spellingShingle | Zhenkun Xu Jie Cao Xiaoming Qin Weiqiang Qiu Jun Mei Jing Xie Toxic Effects on Bioaccumulation, Hematological Parameters, Oxidative Stress, Immune Responses and Tissue Structure in Fish Exposed to Ammonia Nitrogen: A Review Animals ammonia nitrogen fish oxidative stress neurotoxicity immune response |
| title | Toxic Effects on Bioaccumulation, Hematological Parameters, Oxidative Stress, Immune Responses and Tissue Structure in Fish Exposed to Ammonia Nitrogen: A Review |
| title_full | Toxic Effects on Bioaccumulation, Hematological Parameters, Oxidative Stress, Immune Responses and Tissue Structure in Fish Exposed to Ammonia Nitrogen: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Toxic Effects on Bioaccumulation, Hematological Parameters, Oxidative Stress, Immune Responses and Tissue Structure in Fish Exposed to Ammonia Nitrogen: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Toxic Effects on Bioaccumulation, Hematological Parameters, Oxidative Stress, Immune Responses and Tissue Structure in Fish Exposed to Ammonia Nitrogen: A Review |
| title_short | Toxic Effects on Bioaccumulation, Hematological Parameters, Oxidative Stress, Immune Responses and Tissue Structure in Fish Exposed to Ammonia Nitrogen: A Review |
| title_sort | toxic effects on bioaccumulation hematological parameters oxidative stress immune responses and tissue structure in fish exposed to ammonia nitrogen a review |
| topic | ammonia nitrogen fish oxidative stress neurotoxicity immune response |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3304 |
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