Pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of pain control in women undergoing caesarean section: a narrative review
Introduction: Nowadays, cesarean section is one of the common obstetric surgeries and one of the most common surgeries in women. Many pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods are used in cesarean surgery to control pain. This review study was performed aimed to review the pharmacological and...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | fas |
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Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Majallah-i Zanān, Māmā̓ī va Nāzā̓ī-i Īrān |
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| Online Access: | https://ijogi.mums.ac.ir/article_21138_c70a144992b96bad99e976b52d5555ad.pdf |
| _version_ | 1811233808050028544 |
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| author | Pourya Adibi Navid Kalani Bibi Mona Razavi Somayeh Mehrpour Tayyebeh Zarei Mehrdad Malekshoar Samira Zanbagh Majid Vatankhah |
| author_facet | Pourya Adibi Navid Kalani Bibi Mona Razavi Somayeh Mehrpour Tayyebeh Zarei Mehrdad Malekshoar Samira Zanbagh Majid Vatankhah |
| author_sort | Pourya Adibi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Nowadays, cesarean section is one of the common obstetric surgeries and one of the most common surgeries in women. Many pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods are used in cesarean surgery to control pain. This review study was performed aimed to review the pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of pain control in women undergoing cesarean surgery.Methods: In this narrative review study, to find the relevant studies, Persian language databases of "SID, Magiran" and "Google Scholar" was searched with the Persian key words of pharmaceutical, non-pharmacological methods, pain control, pain and cesarean section.Results: In this study, 74 articles in two categories of pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods were examined. Drugs which were studied in pharmaceutical methods include: opiates, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, local anesthetics, regulators of sleep and wake cycles, intravenous sedatives, benzodiazepines, antifibrinolytics, NMDA antagonists and antidopaminergic. Non-pharmacological methods include: aromatherapy, music therapy, sports exercises, foot reflexology, auriculotherapy, massage, touch therapy, keeping the peritoneum open, kangaroo contact, Benson relaxation and electrical stimulation of the nerve through the skin (TENS).Conclusion: The present study conducted a general review to collect all the pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of controlling pain after cesarean section which has been reported in most of the reviewed studies to be effective for pain control; however, it is not possible to determine possible risks or to rank the interventions, and more studies are needed. But the attending physician can choose among the methods based on the condition of patient. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T11:26:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a369b192197a49c0972dcce3cb228b13 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-2993 2008-2363 |
| language | fas |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T11:26:45Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | Mashhad University of Medical Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Majallah-i Zanān, Māmā̓ī va Nāzā̓ī-i Īrān |
| spelling | doaj.art-a369b192197a49c0972dcce3cb228b132022-12-22T03:35:13ZfasMashhad University of Medical SciencesMajallah-i Zanān, Māmā̓ī va Nāzā̓ī-i Īrān1680-29932008-23632022-09-012579111210.22038/ijogi.2022.2113821138Pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of pain control in women undergoing caesarean section: a narrative reviewPourya Adibi0Navid Kalani1Bibi Mona Razavi2Somayeh Mehrpour3Tayyebeh Zarei4Mehrdad Malekshoar5Samira Zanbagh6Majid Vatankhah7Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology & Critical Care and Pain Management Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.Instructor, Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesia and Pain Control Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology & Critical Care and Pain Management Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology & Critical Care and Pain Management Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology & Critical Care and Pain Management Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology & Critical Care and Pain Management Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.Associated Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology & Critical Care and Pain Management Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.Introduction: Nowadays, cesarean section is one of the common obstetric surgeries and one of the most common surgeries in women. Many pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods are used in cesarean surgery to control pain. This review study was performed aimed to review the pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of pain control in women undergoing cesarean surgery.Methods: In this narrative review study, to find the relevant studies, Persian language databases of "SID, Magiran" and "Google Scholar" was searched with the Persian key words of pharmaceutical, non-pharmacological methods, pain control, pain and cesarean section.Results: In this study, 74 articles in two categories of pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods were examined. Drugs which were studied in pharmaceutical methods include: opiates, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, local anesthetics, regulators of sleep and wake cycles, intravenous sedatives, benzodiazepines, antifibrinolytics, NMDA antagonists and antidopaminergic. Non-pharmacological methods include: aromatherapy, music therapy, sports exercises, foot reflexology, auriculotherapy, massage, touch therapy, keeping the peritoneum open, kangaroo contact, Benson relaxation and electrical stimulation of the nerve through the skin (TENS).Conclusion: The present study conducted a general review to collect all the pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of controlling pain after cesarean section which has been reported in most of the reviewed studies to be effective for pain control; however, it is not possible to determine possible risks or to rank the interventions, and more studies are needed. But the attending physician can choose among the methods based on the condition of patient.https://ijogi.mums.ac.ir/article_21138_c70a144992b96bad99e976b52d5555ad.pdfcaesarean sectionnon-pharmacological methodspharmacological methodspostoperative pain |
| spellingShingle | Pourya Adibi Navid Kalani Bibi Mona Razavi Somayeh Mehrpour Tayyebeh Zarei Mehrdad Malekshoar Samira Zanbagh Majid Vatankhah Pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of pain control in women undergoing caesarean section: a narrative review Majallah-i Zanān, Māmā̓ī va Nāzā̓ī-i Īrān caesarean section non-pharmacological methods pharmacological methods postoperative pain |
| title | Pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of pain control in women undergoing caesarean section: a narrative review |
| title_full | Pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of pain control in women undergoing caesarean section: a narrative review |
| title_fullStr | Pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of pain control in women undergoing caesarean section: a narrative review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of pain control in women undergoing caesarean section: a narrative review |
| title_short | Pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of pain control in women undergoing caesarean section: a narrative review |
| title_sort | pharmacological and non pharmacological methods of pain control in women undergoing caesarean section a narrative review |
| topic | caesarean section non-pharmacological methods pharmacological methods postoperative pain |
| url | https://ijogi.mums.ac.ir/article_21138_c70a144992b96bad99e976b52d5555ad.pdf |
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