Characterization of Normal Bone in the Equine Distal Limb with Effective Atomic Number and Electron Density Determined with Single-Source Dual Energy and Detector-Based Spectral Computed Tomography
Single-source dual energy (SSDECT) and detector-based spectral computed tomography (DBSCT) are emerging technologies allowing the interrogation of materials that have different attenuation properties at different energies. Both technologies enable the calculation of effective atomic number (EAN), an...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/7/1064 |
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| author | Janine Steiner Henning Richter Rolf Kaufmann Stefanie Ohlerth |
| author_facet | Janine Steiner Henning Richter Rolf Kaufmann Stefanie Ohlerth |
| author_sort | Janine Steiner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Single-source dual energy (SSDECT) and detector-based spectral computed tomography (DBSCT) are emerging technologies allowing the interrogation of materials that have different attenuation properties at different energies. Both technologies enable the calculation of effective atomic number (EAN), an index to determine tissue composition, and electron density (ED), which is assumed to be associated with cellularity in tissues. In the present prospective observational study, EAN and ED values were determined for 16 zones in normal subchondral and trabecular bone of 37 equine cadaver limbs. Using both technologies, the following findings were obtained: 1. palmar/plantar EAN zone values in the fetlock increased significantly with increasing age of the horse; 2. all EAN and ED values were significantly lower in the trabecular bone than in the subchondral bone of all phalanges; 3. in the distal phalanx and navicular bone, most EAN and ED values were significantly lower compared to the proximal and middle phalanx; and 4. some EAN and ED values were significantly different between front and hind limbs. Several EAN and ED values significantly differed between SSDECT and DBSCT. The reported EAN and ED values in the subchondral and trabecular bone of the equine distal limb may serve as preliminary reference values and aid future evaluation and classification of diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:51:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a36c7ebea42f48ca87cdde8b309c12a6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:51:16Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-a36c7ebea42f48ca87cdde8b309c12a62024-04-12T13:14:16ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152024-03-01147106410.3390/ani14071064Characterization of Normal Bone in the Equine Distal Limb with Effective Atomic Number and Electron Density Determined with Single-Source Dual Energy and Detector-Based Spectral Computed TomographyJanine Steiner0Henning Richter1Rolf Kaufmann2Stefanie Ohlerth3Clinic of Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, SwitzerlandClinic of Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, SwitzerlandEffectum Medical AG, 4600 Olten, SwitzerlandClinic of Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, SwitzerlandSingle-source dual energy (SSDECT) and detector-based spectral computed tomography (DBSCT) are emerging technologies allowing the interrogation of materials that have different attenuation properties at different energies. Both technologies enable the calculation of effective atomic number (EAN), an index to determine tissue composition, and electron density (ED), which is assumed to be associated with cellularity in tissues. In the present prospective observational study, EAN and ED values were determined for 16 zones in normal subchondral and trabecular bone of 37 equine cadaver limbs. Using both technologies, the following findings were obtained: 1. palmar/plantar EAN zone values in the fetlock increased significantly with increasing age of the horse; 2. all EAN and ED values were significantly lower in the trabecular bone than in the subchondral bone of all phalanges; 3. in the distal phalanx and navicular bone, most EAN and ED values were significantly lower compared to the proximal and middle phalanx; and 4. some EAN and ED values were significantly different between front and hind limbs. Several EAN and ED values significantly differed between SSDECT and DBSCT. The reported EAN and ED values in the subchondral and trabecular bone of the equine distal limb may serve as preliminary reference values and aid future evaluation and classification of diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/7/1064computed tomographydual energyeffective atomic numberelectron densityequidssubchondral bone |
| spellingShingle | Janine Steiner Henning Richter Rolf Kaufmann Stefanie Ohlerth Characterization of Normal Bone in the Equine Distal Limb with Effective Atomic Number and Electron Density Determined with Single-Source Dual Energy and Detector-Based Spectral Computed Tomography Animals computed tomography dual energy effective atomic number electron density equids subchondral bone |
| title | Characterization of Normal Bone in the Equine Distal Limb with Effective Atomic Number and Electron Density Determined with Single-Source Dual Energy and Detector-Based Spectral Computed Tomography |
| title_full | Characterization of Normal Bone in the Equine Distal Limb with Effective Atomic Number and Electron Density Determined with Single-Source Dual Energy and Detector-Based Spectral Computed Tomography |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of Normal Bone in the Equine Distal Limb with Effective Atomic Number and Electron Density Determined with Single-Source Dual Energy and Detector-Based Spectral Computed Tomography |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of Normal Bone in the Equine Distal Limb with Effective Atomic Number and Electron Density Determined with Single-Source Dual Energy and Detector-Based Spectral Computed Tomography |
| title_short | Characterization of Normal Bone in the Equine Distal Limb with Effective Atomic Number and Electron Density Determined with Single-Source Dual Energy and Detector-Based Spectral Computed Tomography |
| title_sort | characterization of normal bone in the equine distal limb with effective atomic number and electron density determined with single source dual energy and detector based spectral computed tomography |
| topic | computed tomography dual energy effective atomic number electron density equids subchondral bone |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/7/1064 |
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