Cholera Toxin Subunit B as Adjuvant––An Accelerator in Protective Immunity and a Break in Autoimmunity
Cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) is the nontoxic portion of cholera toxin. Its affinity to the monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1) that is broadly distributed in a variety of cell types including epithelial cells of the gut and antigen presenting cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells, all...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2015-07-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/3/3/579 |
| _version_ | 1798041084967780352 |
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| author | Thomas Stratmann |
| author_facet | Thomas Stratmann |
| author_sort | Thomas Stratmann |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) is the nontoxic portion of cholera toxin. Its affinity to the monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1) that is broadly distributed in a variety of cell types including epithelial cells of the gut and antigen presenting cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells, allows its optimal access to the immune system. CTB can easily be expressed on its own in a variety of organisms, and several approaches can be used to couple it to antigens, either by genetic fusion or by chemical manipulation, leading to strongly enhanced immune responses to the antigens. In autoimmune diseases, CTB has the capacity to evoke regulatory responses and to thereby dampen autoimmune responses, in several but not all animal models. It remains to be seen whether the latter approach translates to success in the clinic, however, the versatility of CTB to manipulate immune responses in either direction makes this protein a promising adjuvant for vaccine development. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:16:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a38033acfa7645b09982d7d6846c3395 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:16:34Z |
| publishDate | 2015-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-a38033acfa7645b09982d7d6846c33952022-12-22T04:00:22ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2015-07-013357959610.3390/vaccines3030579vaccines3030579Cholera Toxin Subunit B as Adjuvant––An Accelerator in Protective Immunity and a Break in AutoimmunityThomas Stratmann0Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 3rd floor, Barcelona 08028, SpainCholera toxin subunit B (CTB) is the nontoxic portion of cholera toxin. Its affinity to the monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1) that is broadly distributed in a variety of cell types including epithelial cells of the gut and antigen presenting cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells, allows its optimal access to the immune system. CTB can easily be expressed on its own in a variety of organisms, and several approaches can be used to couple it to antigens, either by genetic fusion or by chemical manipulation, leading to strongly enhanced immune responses to the antigens. In autoimmune diseases, CTB has the capacity to evoke regulatory responses and to thereby dampen autoimmune responses, in several but not all animal models. It remains to be seen whether the latter approach translates to success in the clinic, however, the versatility of CTB to manipulate immune responses in either direction makes this protein a promising adjuvant for vaccine development.http://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/3/3/579Cholera toxin subunit B (CTB)adjuvantexpressionoral toleranceimmunityautoimmunity |
| spellingShingle | Thomas Stratmann Cholera Toxin Subunit B as Adjuvant––An Accelerator in Protective Immunity and a Break in Autoimmunity Vaccines Cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) adjuvant expression oral tolerance immunity autoimmunity |
| title | Cholera Toxin Subunit B as Adjuvant––An Accelerator in Protective Immunity and a Break in Autoimmunity |
| title_full | Cholera Toxin Subunit B as Adjuvant––An Accelerator in Protective Immunity and a Break in Autoimmunity |
| title_fullStr | Cholera Toxin Subunit B as Adjuvant––An Accelerator in Protective Immunity and a Break in Autoimmunity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cholera Toxin Subunit B as Adjuvant––An Accelerator in Protective Immunity and a Break in Autoimmunity |
| title_short | Cholera Toxin Subunit B as Adjuvant––An Accelerator in Protective Immunity and a Break in Autoimmunity |
| title_sort | cholera toxin subunit b as adjuvant an accelerator in protective immunity and a break in autoimmunity |
| topic | Cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) adjuvant expression oral tolerance immunity autoimmunity |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/3/3/579 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT thomasstratmann choleratoxinsubunitbasadjuvantanacceleratorinprotectiveimmunityandabreakinautoimmunity |