| Summary: | In this study, titanium (Ti) with two chemically distinct faces was formed using two-step direct current (DC) bipolar anodization. A Ti sheet was positioned vertically in the center of an electrolytic cell as a bipolar electrode (BPE). The oxidation area on the BPE was visualized using an interference color caused by the formation of a barrier-type oxide film on the Ti BPE in phosphoric acid under a DC electric field. When different voltages were applied between the driving electrodes for the first and second steps, the front and back sides of the BPE showed different colors because of differences in film thickness. Even in the case of a ball-shaped Ti BPE, site-selective film formation could be demonstrated using a wireless and maskless operation, regardless of the shape of the BPE.
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