Mitochondrial Genome Fragmentation Occurred Multiple Times Independently in Bird Lice of the Families Menoponidae and Laemobothriidae
Mitochondrial (mt) genome fragmentation has been discovered in all five parvorders of parasitic lice (Phthiraptera). To explore whether minichromosomal characters derived from mt genome fragmentation are informative for phylogenetic studies, we sequenced the mt genomes of 17 species of bird lice in...
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/12/2046 |
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| author | Yalun Dong Martina Jelocnik Amber Gillett Ludovica Valenza Gabriel Conroy Dominique Potvin Renfu Shao |
| author_facet | Yalun Dong Martina Jelocnik Amber Gillett Ludovica Valenza Gabriel Conroy Dominique Potvin Renfu Shao |
| author_sort | Yalun Dong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mitochondrial (mt) genome fragmentation has been discovered in all five parvorders of parasitic lice (Phthiraptera). To explore whether minichromosomal characters derived from mt genome fragmentation are informative for phylogenetic studies, we sequenced the mt genomes of 17 species of bird lice in Menoponidae and Laemobothriidae (Amblycera). Four species of Menoponidae (<i>Actornithophilus</i> sp. 1 ex [pied oystercatcher], <i>Act.</i> sp. 2 ex [masked lapwing], <i>Austromenopon</i> sp. 2 ex [sooty tern and crested tern], <i>Myr.</i> sp. 1 ex [satin bowerbird]) have fragmented mt genomes, whereas the other 13 species retain the single-chromosome mt genomes. The two <i>Actornithophilus</i> species have five and six mt minichromosomes, respectively. <i>Aus.</i> sp. 2 ex [sooty tern and crested tern] has two mt minichromosomes, in contrast to <i>Aus.</i> sp. 1 ex [sooty shearwater], which has a single mt chromosome. <i>Myr.</i> sp. 1 ex [satin bowerbird] has four mt minichromosomes. When mapped on the phylogeny of Menoponidae and Laemobothriidae, it is evident that mt genome fragmentation has occurred multiple times independently among Menoponidae and Laemobothriidae species. We found derived mt minichromosomal characters shared between <i>Myrsidea</i> species, between <i>Actornithophilus</i> species, and between and among different ischnoceran genera, respectively. We conclude that while mt genome fragmentation as a general feature does not unite all the parasitic lice that have this feature, each independent mt genome fragmentation event does produce minichromosomal characters that can be informative for phylogenetic studies of parasitic lice at different taxonomic levels. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:50:56Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
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| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-a38f118c621b41ef90438cd29a65f8722023-11-18T08:59:48ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152023-06-011312204610.3390/ani13122046Mitochondrial Genome Fragmentation Occurred Multiple Times Independently in Bird Lice of the Families Menoponidae and LaemobothriidaeYalun Dong0Martina Jelocnik1Amber Gillett2Ludovica Valenza3Gabriel Conroy4Dominique Potvin5Renfu Shao6Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Drive, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, AustraliaCentre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Drive, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, AustraliaAustralia Zoo Wildlife Hospital, 1638 Steve Irwin Way, Beerwah, QLD 4519, AustraliaAustralia Zoo Wildlife Hospital, 1638 Steve Irwin Way, Beerwah, QLD 4519, AustraliaCentre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Drive, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, AustraliaSchool of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, 1 Moreton Parade, Petrie, QLD 4502, AustraliaCentre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Drive, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, AustraliaMitochondrial (mt) genome fragmentation has been discovered in all five parvorders of parasitic lice (Phthiraptera). To explore whether minichromosomal characters derived from mt genome fragmentation are informative for phylogenetic studies, we sequenced the mt genomes of 17 species of bird lice in Menoponidae and Laemobothriidae (Amblycera). Four species of Menoponidae (<i>Actornithophilus</i> sp. 1 ex [pied oystercatcher], <i>Act.</i> sp. 2 ex [masked lapwing], <i>Austromenopon</i> sp. 2 ex [sooty tern and crested tern], <i>Myr.</i> sp. 1 ex [satin bowerbird]) have fragmented mt genomes, whereas the other 13 species retain the single-chromosome mt genomes. The two <i>Actornithophilus</i> species have five and six mt minichromosomes, respectively. <i>Aus.</i> sp. 2 ex [sooty tern and crested tern] has two mt minichromosomes, in contrast to <i>Aus.</i> sp. 1 ex [sooty shearwater], which has a single mt chromosome. <i>Myr.</i> sp. 1 ex [satin bowerbird] has four mt minichromosomes. When mapped on the phylogeny of Menoponidae and Laemobothriidae, it is evident that mt genome fragmentation has occurred multiple times independently among Menoponidae and Laemobothriidae species. We found derived mt minichromosomal characters shared between <i>Myrsidea</i> species, between <i>Actornithophilus</i> species, and between and among different ischnoceran genera, respectively. We conclude that while mt genome fragmentation as a general feature does not unite all the parasitic lice that have this feature, each independent mt genome fragmentation event does produce minichromosomal characters that can be informative for phylogenetic studies of parasitic lice at different taxonomic levels.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/12/2046mitochondrial genome fragmentationMenoponidaeLaemobothriidaephylogeny |
| spellingShingle | Yalun Dong Martina Jelocnik Amber Gillett Ludovica Valenza Gabriel Conroy Dominique Potvin Renfu Shao Mitochondrial Genome Fragmentation Occurred Multiple Times Independently in Bird Lice of the Families Menoponidae and Laemobothriidae Animals mitochondrial genome fragmentation Menoponidae Laemobothriidae phylogeny |
| title | Mitochondrial Genome Fragmentation Occurred Multiple Times Independently in Bird Lice of the Families Menoponidae and Laemobothriidae |
| title_full | Mitochondrial Genome Fragmentation Occurred Multiple Times Independently in Bird Lice of the Families Menoponidae and Laemobothriidae |
| title_fullStr | Mitochondrial Genome Fragmentation Occurred Multiple Times Independently in Bird Lice of the Families Menoponidae and Laemobothriidae |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mitochondrial Genome Fragmentation Occurred Multiple Times Independently in Bird Lice of the Families Menoponidae and Laemobothriidae |
| title_short | Mitochondrial Genome Fragmentation Occurred Multiple Times Independently in Bird Lice of the Families Menoponidae and Laemobothriidae |
| title_sort | mitochondrial genome fragmentation occurred multiple times independently in bird lice of the families menoponidae and laemobothriidae |
| topic | mitochondrial genome fragmentation Menoponidae Laemobothriidae phylogeny |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/12/2046 |
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