Exhibition of Local but Not Systemic Induced Phenolic Defenses in <i>Vitis vinifera</i> L. Affected by Brown Wood Streaking, Grapevine Leaf Stripe, and Apoplexy (Esca Complex)
Balance between constitutive and induced responses provides plants flexibility to cope with biotic stresses. This study tested the hypothesis that invasion of grapevine wood by esca-associated fungi induces the production of defensive compounds as part of locally- and systemically-induced responses....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-10-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/8/10/412 |
| _version_ | 1819281666477129728 |
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| author | Piebiep Goufo Ana C. Marques Isabel Cortez |
| author_facet | Piebiep Goufo Ana C. Marques Isabel Cortez |
| author_sort | Piebiep Goufo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Balance between constitutive and induced responses provides plants flexibility to cope with biotic stresses. This study tested the hypothesis that invasion of grapevine wood by esca-associated fungi induces the production of defensive compounds as part of locally- and systemically-induced responses. In a vineyard, different symptomatic expressions of “Esca complex” in <i>Vitis vinifera</i> L. ‘Malvasia’ were evaluated in annual inspections. Then, levels of phenolics and fatty acids were determined in asymptomatic leaves of brown wood streaking (BWS) and grapevine leaf stripe (GLSD) vines, and in symptomatic leaves of GLSD and apoplectic vines; the results were compared with levels in healthy vines. In asymptomatic leaves of BWS and some GLSD vines, levels of phenolics decreased, independent of the total phenolic group. Such responses were usually associated with an increase in levels of linoleic, γ-linolenic and arachidonic acids, well-known signal transduction mediators. In symptomatic leaves, levels of phenolics increased, which is consistent with a locally-induced response; the onset of symptoms coincided with the highest increases e.g., 35% for quercetin-3-<i>O</i>-glucuronide. Thus, the long latency period between trunk invasion by fungi and visible foliar damage and the year-to-year fluctuation in symptomatic expressions observed with “Esca complex” might be partially attributed to a better utilization of constitutive defenses. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-24T01:03:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a39915d7afe24160a87b6eb208d68124 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-24T01:03:19Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-a39915d7afe24160a87b6eb208d681242022-12-21T17:23:18ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472019-10-0181041210.3390/plants8100412plants8100412Exhibition of Local but Not Systemic Induced Phenolic Defenses in <i>Vitis vinifera</i> L. Affected by Brown Wood Streaking, Grapevine Leaf Stripe, and Apoplexy (Esca Complex)Piebiep Goufo0Ana C. Marques1Isabel Cortez2Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, PortugalCentre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, PortugalCentre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, PortugalBalance between constitutive and induced responses provides plants flexibility to cope with biotic stresses. This study tested the hypothesis that invasion of grapevine wood by esca-associated fungi induces the production of defensive compounds as part of locally- and systemically-induced responses. In a vineyard, different symptomatic expressions of “Esca complex” in <i>Vitis vinifera</i> L. ‘Malvasia’ were evaluated in annual inspections. Then, levels of phenolics and fatty acids were determined in asymptomatic leaves of brown wood streaking (BWS) and grapevine leaf stripe (GLSD) vines, and in symptomatic leaves of GLSD and apoplectic vines; the results were compared with levels in healthy vines. In asymptomatic leaves of BWS and some GLSD vines, levels of phenolics decreased, independent of the total phenolic group. Such responses were usually associated with an increase in levels of linoleic, γ-linolenic and arachidonic acids, well-known signal transduction mediators. In symptomatic leaves, levels of phenolics increased, which is consistent with a locally-induced response; the onset of symptoms coincided with the highest increases e.g., 35% for quercetin-3-<i>O</i>-glucuronide. Thus, the long latency period between trunk invasion by fungi and visible foliar damage and the year-to-year fluctuation in symptomatic expressions observed with “Esca complex” might be partially attributed to a better utilization of constitutive defenses.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/8/10/412grapevine trunk diseasessignal transductionsystemic acquired resistancepreformed defensessymptom severitygrapevine trunk diseases |
| spellingShingle | Piebiep Goufo Ana C. Marques Isabel Cortez Exhibition of Local but Not Systemic Induced Phenolic Defenses in <i>Vitis vinifera</i> L. Affected by Brown Wood Streaking, Grapevine Leaf Stripe, and Apoplexy (Esca Complex) Plants grapevine trunk diseases signal transduction systemic acquired resistance preformed defenses symptom severity grapevine trunk diseases |
| title | Exhibition of Local but Not Systemic Induced Phenolic Defenses in <i>Vitis vinifera</i> L. Affected by Brown Wood Streaking, Grapevine Leaf Stripe, and Apoplexy (Esca Complex) |
| title_full | Exhibition of Local but Not Systemic Induced Phenolic Defenses in <i>Vitis vinifera</i> L. Affected by Brown Wood Streaking, Grapevine Leaf Stripe, and Apoplexy (Esca Complex) |
| title_fullStr | Exhibition of Local but Not Systemic Induced Phenolic Defenses in <i>Vitis vinifera</i> L. Affected by Brown Wood Streaking, Grapevine Leaf Stripe, and Apoplexy (Esca Complex) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exhibition of Local but Not Systemic Induced Phenolic Defenses in <i>Vitis vinifera</i> L. Affected by Brown Wood Streaking, Grapevine Leaf Stripe, and Apoplexy (Esca Complex) |
| title_short | Exhibition of Local but Not Systemic Induced Phenolic Defenses in <i>Vitis vinifera</i> L. Affected by Brown Wood Streaking, Grapevine Leaf Stripe, and Apoplexy (Esca Complex) |
| title_sort | exhibition of local but not systemic induced phenolic defenses in i vitis vinifera i l affected by brown wood streaking grapevine leaf stripe and apoplexy esca complex |
| topic | grapevine trunk diseases signal transduction systemic acquired resistance preformed defenses symptom severity grapevine trunk diseases |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/8/10/412 |
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