Genetic characterisation and phylogenetic status of whipworms (Trichuris spp.) from captive non-human primates in China, determined by nuclear and mitochondrial sequencing
Abstract Background Whipworms (Nematoda: Trichuridae), among the most common soil-transmitted helminths (STHs), can cause the socioeconomically important disease trichuriasis in various mammalian hosts including humans and non-human primates. For many years, Trichuris from non-human primates has bee...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2018-09-01
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| Series: | Parasites & Vectors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-018-3100-5 |
| _version_ | 1819080947323109376 |
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| author | Yue Xie Bo Zhao Eric P. Hoberg Mei Li Xuan Zhou Xiaobin Gu Weimin Lai Xuerong Peng Guangyou Yang |
| author_facet | Yue Xie Bo Zhao Eric P. Hoberg Mei Li Xuan Zhou Xiaobin Gu Weimin Lai Xuerong Peng Guangyou Yang |
| author_sort | Yue Xie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Whipworms (Nematoda: Trichuridae), among the most common soil-transmitted helminths (STHs), can cause the socioeconomically important disease trichuriasis in various mammalian hosts including humans and non-human primates. For many years, Trichuris from non-human primates has been assigned to the same species as the one infecting humans Trichuris trichiura. More recently, several molecular reports challenged this assumption following recognition of a Trichuris species complex observed in humans and non-human primates. A refined concept for species limits within Trichuris contributes to an understanding of diversity and the potential (zoonotic) transmission among humans and non-human primates. In this study, we expanded previous investigations by exploring the diversity of Trichuris among eight primates including three Asian autochthonous species (i.e. Rhinopithecus roxellana, Rhinopithecus bieti and Nomascus leucogenys). Species-level identification, whether novel or assignable to known lineages of Trichuris, was based on analyses of nuclear internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) genes. Results In total, seven genetically distinct subgroups of whipworms were determined to be present among the primates sampled. Most Trichuris lineages, including Subgroups 1, 1’, 3, 5 and 6, showed a broad host range and were not restricted to particular primate species; in addition to T. trichiura, a complex of Trichuris species was shown infecting primates. Furthermore, it was assumed that Trichuris spp. from either N. leucogenys and P. hamadryas or R. roxellana and R. bieti, respectively, were conspecific. Each pair was indicated to be a discrete lineage of Trichuris, designated, respectively, as Subgroups 1 or 1’ and 2, based on integrated genetic and phylogenetic evidence. Conclusion These results emphasise that the taxonomy and genetic variations of Trichuris are more complicated than previously acknowledged. These cumulative molecular and phylogenetic data provide a better understanding of the taxonomy, genetics and evolutionary biology of the whipworms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T19:52:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a39f3517cdc240cea80ccf36d469ad0b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1756-3305 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T19:52:58Z |
| publishDate | 2018-09-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | Parasites & Vectors |
| spelling | doaj.art-a39f3517cdc240cea80ccf36d469ad0b2022-12-21T18:52:10ZengBMCParasites & Vectors1756-33052018-09-0111111610.1186/s13071-018-3100-5Genetic characterisation and phylogenetic status of whipworms (Trichuris spp.) from captive non-human primates in China, determined by nuclear and mitochondrial sequencingYue Xie0Bo Zhao1Eric P. Hoberg2Mei Li3Xuan Zhou4Xiaobin Gu5Weimin Lai6Xuerong Peng7Guangyou Yang8Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu ZooDivision of Parasitology, Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New MexicoDepartment of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityInstitute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityDepartment of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityDepartment of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityDepartment of Chemistry, College of Life and Basic Science, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityDepartment of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityAbstract Background Whipworms (Nematoda: Trichuridae), among the most common soil-transmitted helminths (STHs), can cause the socioeconomically important disease trichuriasis in various mammalian hosts including humans and non-human primates. For many years, Trichuris from non-human primates has been assigned to the same species as the one infecting humans Trichuris trichiura. More recently, several molecular reports challenged this assumption following recognition of a Trichuris species complex observed in humans and non-human primates. A refined concept for species limits within Trichuris contributes to an understanding of diversity and the potential (zoonotic) transmission among humans and non-human primates. In this study, we expanded previous investigations by exploring the diversity of Trichuris among eight primates including three Asian autochthonous species (i.e. Rhinopithecus roxellana, Rhinopithecus bieti and Nomascus leucogenys). Species-level identification, whether novel or assignable to known lineages of Trichuris, was based on analyses of nuclear internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) genes. Results In total, seven genetically distinct subgroups of whipworms were determined to be present among the primates sampled. Most Trichuris lineages, including Subgroups 1, 1’, 3, 5 and 6, showed a broad host range and were not restricted to particular primate species; in addition to T. trichiura, a complex of Trichuris species was shown infecting primates. Furthermore, it was assumed that Trichuris spp. from either N. leucogenys and P. hamadryas or R. roxellana and R. bieti, respectively, were conspecific. Each pair was indicated to be a discrete lineage of Trichuris, designated, respectively, as Subgroups 1 or 1’ and 2, based on integrated genetic and phylogenetic evidence. Conclusion These results emphasise that the taxonomy and genetic variations of Trichuris are more complicated than previously acknowledged. These cumulative molecular and phylogenetic data provide a better understanding of the taxonomy, genetics and evolutionary biology of the whipworms.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-018-3100-5PrimatesWhipwormsTrichurisGenetic analysisPhylogenyNuclear ITS |
| spellingShingle | Yue Xie Bo Zhao Eric P. Hoberg Mei Li Xuan Zhou Xiaobin Gu Weimin Lai Xuerong Peng Guangyou Yang Genetic characterisation and phylogenetic status of whipworms (Trichuris spp.) from captive non-human primates in China, determined by nuclear and mitochondrial sequencing Parasites & Vectors Primates Whipworms Trichuris Genetic analysis Phylogeny Nuclear ITS |
| title | Genetic characterisation and phylogenetic status of whipworms (Trichuris spp.) from captive non-human primates in China, determined by nuclear and mitochondrial sequencing |
| title_full | Genetic characterisation and phylogenetic status of whipworms (Trichuris spp.) from captive non-human primates in China, determined by nuclear and mitochondrial sequencing |
| title_fullStr | Genetic characterisation and phylogenetic status of whipworms (Trichuris spp.) from captive non-human primates in China, determined by nuclear and mitochondrial sequencing |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genetic characterisation and phylogenetic status of whipworms (Trichuris spp.) from captive non-human primates in China, determined by nuclear and mitochondrial sequencing |
| title_short | Genetic characterisation and phylogenetic status of whipworms (Trichuris spp.) from captive non-human primates in China, determined by nuclear and mitochondrial sequencing |
| title_sort | genetic characterisation and phylogenetic status of whipworms trichuris spp from captive non human primates in china determined by nuclear and mitochondrial sequencing |
| topic | Primates Whipworms Trichuris Genetic analysis Phylogeny Nuclear ITS |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-018-3100-5 |
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