Identification and Biotyping of <i>Pythium insidiosum</i> Isolated from Urban and Rural Areas of Thailand by Multiplex PCR, DNA Barcode, and Proteomic Analyses
<i>Pythium insidiosum</i> causes pythiosis, a fatal infectious disease of humans and animals worldwide. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to improve the clinical outcome of pythiosis. Diagnosis of <i>P. insidiosum</i> relies on immunological, molecular, and proteom...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/4/242 |
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| author | Zin Mar Htun Aree Laikul Watcharapol Pathomsakulwong Chompoonek Yurayart Tassanee Lohnoo Wanta Yingyong Yothin Kumsang Penpan Payattikul Pattarana Sae-Chew Thidarat Rujirawat Paisan Jittorntam Chalisa Jaturapaktrarak Piriyaporn Chongtrakool Theerapong Krajaejun |
| author_facet | Zin Mar Htun Aree Laikul Watcharapol Pathomsakulwong Chompoonek Yurayart Tassanee Lohnoo Wanta Yingyong Yothin Kumsang Penpan Payattikul Pattarana Sae-Chew Thidarat Rujirawat Paisan Jittorntam Chalisa Jaturapaktrarak Piriyaporn Chongtrakool Theerapong Krajaejun |
| author_sort | Zin Mar Htun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Pythium insidiosum</i> causes pythiosis, a fatal infectious disease of humans and animals worldwide. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to improve the clinical outcome of pythiosis. Diagnosis of <i>P. insidiosum</i> relies on immunological, molecular, and proteomic assays. The main treatment of pythiosis aims to surgically remove all affected tissue to prevent recurrent infection. Due to the marked increase in case reports, pythiosis has become a public health concern. Thailand is an endemic area of human pythiosis. To obtain a complete picture of how the pathogen circulates in the environment, we surveyed the presence of <i>P. insidiosum</i> in urban (Bangkok) and rural areas of Thailand. We employed the hair-baiting technique to screen for <i>P. insidiosum</i> in 500 water samples. Twenty-seven culture-positive samples were identified as <i>P. insidiosum</i> by multiplex PCR, multi-DNA barcode (rDNA, <i>cox</i>1, <i>cox</i>2), and mass spectrometric analyses. These environmental strains of <i>P. insidiosum</i> fell into Clade-II and -III genotypes and exhibited a close phylogenetic/proteomic relationship with Thai clinical strains. Biodiversity of the environmental strains also existed in a local habitat. In conclusion, <i>P. insidiosum</i> is widespread in Thailand. A better understanding of the ecological niche of <i>P. insidiosum</i> could lead to the effective prevention and control of this pathogen. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:58:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a39f4c9cf9b142f788e1f0fd6b84f8d4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:58:18Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-a39f4c9cf9b142f788e1f0fd6b84f8d42023-11-21T11:45:58ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2021-03-017424210.3390/jof7040242Identification and Biotyping of <i>Pythium insidiosum</i> Isolated from Urban and Rural Areas of Thailand by Multiplex PCR, DNA Barcode, and Proteomic AnalysesZin Mar Htun0Aree Laikul1Watcharapol Pathomsakulwong2Chompoonek Yurayart3Tassanee Lohnoo4Wanta Yingyong5Yothin Kumsang6Penpan Payattikul7Pattarana Sae-Chew8Thidarat Rujirawat9Paisan Jittorntam10Chalisa Jaturapaktrarak11Piriyaporn Chongtrakool12Theerapong Krajaejun13Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandDepartment of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom 73140, ThailandEquine Clinic, Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Nakhon Pathom 73140, ThailandDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, ThailandResearch Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandResearch Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandResearch Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandResearch Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandResearch Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandResearch Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandResearch Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandResearch Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, ThailandDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand<i>Pythium insidiosum</i> causes pythiosis, a fatal infectious disease of humans and animals worldwide. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to improve the clinical outcome of pythiosis. Diagnosis of <i>P. insidiosum</i> relies on immunological, molecular, and proteomic assays. The main treatment of pythiosis aims to surgically remove all affected tissue to prevent recurrent infection. Due to the marked increase in case reports, pythiosis has become a public health concern. Thailand is an endemic area of human pythiosis. To obtain a complete picture of how the pathogen circulates in the environment, we surveyed the presence of <i>P. insidiosum</i> in urban (Bangkok) and rural areas of Thailand. We employed the hair-baiting technique to screen for <i>P. insidiosum</i> in 500 water samples. Twenty-seven culture-positive samples were identified as <i>P. insidiosum</i> by multiplex PCR, multi-DNA barcode (rDNA, <i>cox</i>1, <i>cox</i>2), and mass spectrometric analyses. These environmental strains of <i>P. insidiosum</i> fell into Clade-II and -III genotypes and exhibited a close phylogenetic/proteomic relationship with Thai clinical strains. Biodiversity of the environmental strains also existed in a local habitat. In conclusion, <i>P. insidiosum</i> is widespread in Thailand. A better understanding of the ecological niche of <i>P. insidiosum</i> could lead to the effective prevention and control of this pathogen.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/4/242pythiosis<i>Pythium insidiosum</i>environment isolateDNA barcodebiotyping |
| spellingShingle | Zin Mar Htun Aree Laikul Watcharapol Pathomsakulwong Chompoonek Yurayart Tassanee Lohnoo Wanta Yingyong Yothin Kumsang Penpan Payattikul Pattarana Sae-Chew Thidarat Rujirawat Paisan Jittorntam Chalisa Jaturapaktrarak Piriyaporn Chongtrakool Theerapong Krajaejun Identification and Biotyping of <i>Pythium insidiosum</i> Isolated from Urban and Rural Areas of Thailand by Multiplex PCR, DNA Barcode, and Proteomic Analyses Journal of Fungi pythiosis <i>Pythium insidiosum</i> environment isolate DNA barcode biotyping |
| title | Identification and Biotyping of <i>Pythium insidiosum</i> Isolated from Urban and Rural Areas of Thailand by Multiplex PCR, DNA Barcode, and Proteomic Analyses |
| title_full | Identification and Biotyping of <i>Pythium insidiosum</i> Isolated from Urban and Rural Areas of Thailand by Multiplex PCR, DNA Barcode, and Proteomic Analyses |
| title_fullStr | Identification and Biotyping of <i>Pythium insidiosum</i> Isolated from Urban and Rural Areas of Thailand by Multiplex PCR, DNA Barcode, and Proteomic Analyses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification and Biotyping of <i>Pythium insidiosum</i> Isolated from Urban and Rural Areas of Thailand by Multiplex PCR, DNA Barcode, and Proteomic Analyses |
| title_short | Identification and Biotyping of <i>Pythium insidiosum</i> Isolated from Urban and Rural Areas of Thailand by Multiplex PCR, DNA Barcode, and Proteomic Analyses |
| title_sort | identification and biotyping of i pythium insidiosum i isolated from urban and rural areas of thailand by multiplex pcr dna barcode and proteomic analyses |
| topic | pythiosis <i>Pythium insidiosum</i> environment isolate DNA barcode biotyping |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/4/242 |
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