Epigenetic Regulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype Switching in Atherosclerotic Artery Remodeling: A Mini-Review
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by extensive remodeling of medium and large-sized arteries. Inward remodeling (=lumen shrinkage) of the vascular walls is the underlying cause for ischemia in target organs. Therefore, inward remodeling can be considered the predominant...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Genetics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2021.719456/full |
| _version_ | 1819142536012234752 |
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| author | Michelle Zurek Einari Aavik Rahul Mallick Seppo Ylä-Herttuala |
| author_facet | Michelle Zurek Einari Aavik Rahul Mallick Seppo Ylä-Herttuala |
| author_sort | Michelle Zurek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by extensive remodeling of medium and large-sized arteries. Inward remodeling (=lumen shrinkage) of the vascular walls is the underlying cause for ischemia in target organs. Therefore, inward remodeling can be considered the predominant feature of atherosclerotic pathology. Outward remodeling (=lumen enlargement) is a physiological response compensating for lumen shrinkage caused by neointimal hyperplasia, but as a pathological response to changes in blood flow, outward remodeling leads to substantial arterial wall thinning. Thinned vascular walls are prone to rupture, and subsequent thrombus formation accounts for the majority of acute cardiovascular events. Pathological remodeling is driven by inflammatory cells which induce vascular smooth muscle cells to switch from quiescent to a proliferative and migratory phenotype. After decades of intensive research, the molecular mechanisms of arterial remodeling are starting to unfold. In this mini-review, we summarize the current knowledge of the epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype switching from the contractile to the synthetic phenotype involved in arterial remodeling and discuss potential therapeutic options. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T12:11:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a3a74551516f4109a5ff98cd202beb01 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-8021 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T12:11:54Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Genetics |
| spelling | doaj.art-a3a74551516f4109a5ff98cd202beb012022-12-21T18:26:16ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Genetics1664-80212021-08-011210.3389/fgene.2021.719456719456Epigenetic Regulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype Switching in Atherosclerotic Artery Remodeling: A Mini-ReviewMichelle ZurekEinari AavikRahul MallickSeppo Ylä-HerttualaAtherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by extensive remodeling of medium and large-sized arteries. Inward remodeling (=lumen shrinkage) of the vascular walls is the underlying cause for ischemia in target organs. Therefore, inward remodeling can be considered the predominant feature of atherosclerotic pathology. Outward remodeling (=lumen enlargement) is a physiological response compensating for lumen shrinkage caused by neointimal hyperplasia, but as a pathological response to changes in blood flow, outward remodeling leads to substantial arterial wall thinning. Thinned vascular walls are prone to rupture, and subsequent thrombus formation accounts for the majority of acute cardiovascular events. Pathological remodeling is driven by inflammatory cells which induce vascular smooth muscle cells to switch from quiescent to a proliferative and migratory phenotype. After decades of intensive research, the molecular mechanisms of arterial remodeling are starting to unfold. In this mini-review, we summarize the current knowledge of the epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype switching from the contractile to the synthetic phenotype involved in arterial remodeling and discuss potential therapeutic options.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2021.719456/fullarterial remodelingepigenetic modificationsatherosclerosisvascular smooth muscle cells (VMSCs)phenotype switching |
| spellingShingle | Michelle Zurek Einari Aavik Rahul Mallick Seppo Ylä-Herttuala Epigenetic Regulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype Switching in Atherosclerotic Artery Remodeling: A Mini-Review Frontiers in Genetics arterial remodeling epigenetic modifications atherosclerosis vascular smooth muscle cells (VMSCs) phenotype switching |
| title | Epigenetic Regulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype Switching in Atherosclerotic Artery Remodeling: A Mini-Review |
| title_full | Epigenetic Regulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype Switching in Atherosclerotic Artery Remodeling: A Mini-Review |
| title_fullStr | Epigenetic Regulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype Switching in Atherosclerotic Artery Remodeling: A Mini-Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epigenetic Regulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype Switching in Atherosclerotic Artery Remodeling: A Mini-Review |
| title_short | Epigenetic Regulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype Switching in Atherosclerotic Artery Remodeling: A Mini-Review |
| title_sort | epigenetic regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype switching in atherosclerotic artery remodeling a mini review |
| topic | arterial remodeling epigenetic modifications atherosclerosis vascular smooth muscle cells (VMSCs) phenotype switching |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2021.719456/full |
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