Autonomous Haulage Systems in the Mining Industry: Cybersecurity, Communication and Safety Issues and Challenges
The current advancement of robotics, especially in Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), leads to a prominent combination between the mining industry and connected-embedded technologies. This progress has arisen in the form of state-of-the-art automated giant vehicles with Autonomous Haulage Systems (AHS) t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Electronics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/11/1357 |
| _version_ | 1797531181839810560 |
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| author | Tarek Gaber Yassine El Jazouli Esraa Eldesouky Ahmed Ali |
| author_facet | Tarek Gaber Yassine El Jazouli Esraa Eldesouky Ahmed Ali |
| author_sort | Tarek Gaber |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The current advancement of robotics, especially in Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), leads to a prominent combination between the mining industry and connected-embedded technologies. This progress has arisen in the form of state-of-the-art automated giant vehicles with Autonomous Haulage Systems (AHS) that can transport ore without human intervention. Like CPS, AHS enable autonomous and/or remote control of physical systems (e.g., mining trucks). Thus, similar to CPS, AHS are also susceptible to cyber attacks such as Wi-Fi De-Auth and GPS attacks. With the use of the AHS, several mining activities have been strengthened due to increasing the efficiency of operations. Such activities require ensuring accurate data collection from which precise information about the state of the mine should be generated in a timely and consistent manner. Consequently, the presence of secure and reliable communications is crucial in making AHS mines safer, productive, and sustainable. This paper aims to identify and discuss the relation between safety of AHS in the mining environment and both cybersecurity and communication as well as highlighting their challenges and open issues. We survey the literature that addressed this aim and discuss its pros and cons and then highlight some open issues. We conclude that addressing cybersecurity issues of AHS can ensure the safety of operations in the mining environment as well as providing reliable communication, which will lead to better safety. Additionally, it was found that new communication technologies, such 5G and LTE, could be adopted in AHS-based systems for mining, but further research is needed to considered related cybersecurity issues and attacks. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:40:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a3aae536ce6943a69d95ed42d721bb3e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-9292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:40:16Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Electronics |
| spelling | doaj.art-a3aae536ce6943a69d95ed42d721bb3e2023-11-21T23:02:31ZengMDPI AGElectronics2079-92922021-06-011011135710.3390/electronics10111357Autonomous Haulage Systems in the Mining Industry: Cybersecurity, Communication and Safety Issues and ChallengesTarek Gaber0Yassine El Jazouli1Esraa Eldesouky2Ahmed Ali3Faculty of Computers and Informatics, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, EgyptSuncor Energy, 111 5th Ave. SW, Calgary, AB T2P3Y6, CanadaFaculty of Computers and Informatics, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, EgyptDepartment of Computer Science, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi ArabiaThe current advancement of robotics, especially in Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), leads to a prominent combination between the mining industry and connected-embedded technologies. This progress has arisen in the form of state-of-the-art automated giant vehicles with Autonomous Haulage Systems (AHS) that can transport ore without human intervention. Like CPS, AHS enable autonomous and/or remote control of physical systems (e.g., mining trucks). Thus, similar to CPS, AHS are also susceptible to cyber attacks such as Wi-Fi De-Auth and GPS attacks. With the use of the AHS, several mining activities have been strengthened due to increasing the efficiency of operations. Such activities require ensuring accurate data collection from which precise information about the state of the mine should be generated in a timely and consistent manner. Consequently, the presence of secure and reliable communications is crucial in making AHS mines safer, productive, and sustainable. This paper aims to identify and discuss the relation between safety of AHS in the mining environment and both cybersecurity and communication as well as highlighting their challenges and open issues. We survey the literature that addressed this aim and discuss its pros and cons and then highlight some open issues. We conclude that addressing cybersecurity issues of AHS can ensure the safety of operations in the mining environment as well as providing reliable communication, which will lead to better safety. Additionally, it was found that new communication technologies, such 5G and LTE, could be adopted in AHS-based systems for mining, but further research is needed to considered related cybersecurity issues and attacks.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/11/1357cybersecurityautonomous haulage systemsoperating technologymining industrycyber-physical systemscommunication |
| spellingShingle | Tarek Gaber Yassine El Jazouli Esraa Eldesouky Ahmed Ali Autonomous Haulage Systems in the Mining Industry: Cybersecurity, Communication and Safety Issues and Challenges Electronics cybersecurity autonomous haulage systems operating technology mining industry cyber-physical systems communication |
| title | Autonomous Haulage Systems in the Mining Industry: Cybersecurity, Communication and Safety Issues and Challenges |
| title_full | Autonomous Haulage Systems in the Mining Industry: Cybersecurity, Communication and Safety Issues and Challenges |
| title_fullStr | Autonomous Haulage Systems in the Mining Industry: Cybersecurity, Communication and Safety Issues and Challenges |
| title_full_unstemmed | Autonomous Haulage Systems in the Mining Industry: Cybersecurity, Communication and Safety Issues and Challenges |
| title_short | Autonomous Haulage Systems in the Mining Industry: Cybersecurity, Communication and Safety Issues and Challenges |
| title_sort | autonomous haulage systems in the mining industry cybersecurity communication and safety issues and challenges |
| topic | cybersecurity autonomous haulage systems operating technology mining industry cyber-physical systems communication |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/11/1357 |
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