Exposure to Random Positioning Machine Alters the Mineralization Process and PTX3 Expression in the SAOS-2 Cell Line
Bone loss is among the most frequent changes seen in astronauts during space missions. Although weightlessness is known to cause high bone resorption and a rapid decrease in bone minerals and calcium, the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. In our work, we investigated the influence...
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/5/610 |
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| author | Ida Cariati Roberto Bonanni Manuel Scimeca Anna Maria Rinaldi Mario Marini Umberto Tarantino Virginia Tancredi |
| author_facet | Ida Cariati Roberto Bonanni Manuel Scimeca Anna Maria Rinaldi Mario Marini Umberto Tarantino Virginia Tancredi |
| author_sort | Ida Cariati |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bone loss is among the most frequent changes seen in astronauts during space missions. Although weightlessness is known to cause high bone resorption and a rapid decrease in bone minerals and calcium, the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. In our work, we investigated the influence of random positioning machine (RPM) exposure on the mineralization process in the SAOS-2 cell line, in osteogenic and non-osteogenic conditions, by examining changes in their mineralizing capacity and in the expression of PTX3, a positive regulator of bone mineralization. We analyzed cell viability by MTS assay and the mineralization process after staining with Toluidine Blue and Alizarin Red, while PTX3 expression was investigated by immunocytochemistry and western blotting analysis. Our results showed that RPM exposure increased cells’ viability and improved their mineralizing competence when not treated with osteogenic cocktail. In contrast, in osteogenic conditions, cells exposed to RPM showed a reduction in the presence of calcification-like structures, mineral deposits and PTX3 expression, suggesting that the effects of RPM exposure on mineralizing matrix deposition depend on the presence of osteogenic factors in the culture medium. Further studies will be needed to clarify the role of potential mineralization markers in the cellular response to the simulated biological effects of microgravity, paving the way for a new approach to treating osteoporosis in astronauts exposed to spaceflight. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:34:58Z |
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| id | doaj.art-a3ae10222b9246fd9d66158da315c934 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-1729 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:34:58Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Life |
| spelling | doaj.art-a3ae10222b9246fd9d66158da315c9342023-11-23T11:48:43ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292022-04-0112561010.3390/life12050610Exposure to Random Positioning Machine Alters the Mineralization Process and PTX3 Expression in the SAOS-2 Cell LineIda Cariati0Roberto Bonanni1Manuel Scimeca2Anna Maria Rinaldi3Mario Marini4Umberto Tarantino5Virginia Tancredi6Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Experimental Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Systems Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Systems Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Systems Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, ItalyBone loss is among the most frequent changes seen in astronauts during space missions. Although weightlessness is known to cause high bone resorption and a rapid decrease in bone minerals and calcium, the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. In our work, we investigated the influence of random positioning machine (RPM) exposure on the mineralization process in the SAOS-2 cell line, in osteogenic and non-osteogenic conditions, by examining changes in their mineralizing capacity and in the expression of PTX3, a positive regulator of bone mineralization. We analyzed cell viability by MTS assay and the mineralization process after staining with Toluidine Blue and Alizarin Red, while PTX3 expression was investigated by immunocytochemistry and western blotting analysis. Our results showed that RPM exposure increased cells’ viability and improved their mineralizing competence when not treated with osteogenic cocktail. In contrast, in osteogenic conditions, cells exposed to RPM showed a reduction in the presence of calcification-like structures, mineral deposits and PTX3 expression, suggesting that the effects of RPM exposure on mineralizing matrix deposition depend on the presence of osteogenic factors in the culture medium. Further studies will be needed to clarify the role of potential mineralization markers in the cellular response to the simulated biological effects of microgravity, paving the way for a new approach to treating osteoporosis in astronauts exposed to spaceflight.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/5/610random positioning machinecell viabilitybone mineralizationosteogenic differentiationosteoporosisPTX3 |
| spellingShingle | Ida Cariati Roberto Bonanni Manuel Scimeca Anna Maria Rinaldi Mario Marini Umberto Tarantino Virginia Tancredi Exposure to Random Positioning Machine Alters the Mineralization Process and PTX3 Expression in the SAOS-2 Cell Line Life random positioning machine cell viability bone mineralization osteogenic differentiation osteoporosis PTX3 |
| title | Exposure to Random Positioning Machine Alters the Mineralization Process and PTX3 Expression in the SAOS-2 Cell Line |
| title_full | Exposure to Random Positioning Machine Alters the Mineralization Process and PTX3 Expression in the SAOS-2 Cell Line |
| title_fullStr | Exposure to Random Positioning Machine Alters the Mineralization Process and PTX3 Expression in the SAOS-2 Cell Line |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exposure to Random Positioning Machine Alters the Mineralization Process and PTX3 Expression in the SAOS-2 Cell Line |
| title_short | Exposure to Random Positioning Machine Alters the Mineralization Process and PTX3 Expression in the SAOS-2 Cell Line |
| title_sort | exposure to random positioning machine alters the mineralization process and ptx3 expression in the saos 2 cell line |
| topic | random positioning machine cell viability bone mineralization osteogenic differentiation osteoporosis PTX3 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/5/610 |
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