Bulge Oscillation Driven by Outflows of Active Galactic Nuclei. I. Fast Outflow Case

There is growing evidence for star formation inside outflows of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). The formed stars are injected into bulges and give rise to perturbation of bulges. In this paper, we investigate the issues of nonrotating, spherically symmetric bulges under the perturbation of fast, mass...

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主要な著者: Yue-Chang Peng, Jian-Min Wang, Yu Zhao, Luis C. Ho
フォーマット: 論文
言語:English
出版事項: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
シリーズ:The Astrophysical Journal
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オンライン・アクセス:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada275
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author Yue-Chang Peng
Jian-Min Wang
Yu Zhao
Luis C. Ho
author_facet Yue-Chang Peng
Jian-Min Wang
Yu Zhao
Luis C. Ho
author_sort Yue-Chang Peng
collection DOAJ
description There is growing evidence for star formation inside outflows of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). The formed stars are injected into bulges and give rise to perturbation of bulges. In this paper, we investigate the issues of nonrotating, spherically symmetric bulges under the perturbation of fast, massive outflows with stars formed inside. We show that the potential perturbation of outflows, together with injection and dynamical friction of these stars, could drive bulge oscillations. Still, we find that nonzero radial velocity of bulges will be driven by the episodic outflows of AGNs, and after the AGN has quenched, the radial velocity will tend to zero within a timescale ~ τ _AGN , which is the AGN's lifetime. For some typical values of bulges and AGNs, we find that the expansion and contraction velocities are a few × 10 km s ^−1 for 10 ^10 M _⊙ bulges and mass outflowing rate 500 M _⊙ yr ^−1 , which would give observational signatures.
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spelling doaj.art-a3ae15e46b8a4fe2962c5538a7e81c9c2025-01-31T11:27:43ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-0198012210.3847/1538-4357/ada275Bulge Oscillation Driven by Outflows of Active Galactic Nuclei. I. Fast Outflow CaseYue-Chang Peng0https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2592-7699Jian-Min Wang1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9449-9268Yu Zhao2Luis C. Ho3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6947-5846Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics , Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China ; wangjm@ihep.ac.cn; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics , Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China ; wangjm@ihep.ac.cn; School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China; National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 20A Datun Road, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of ChinaKey Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics , Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19B Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China ; wangjm@ihep.ac.cn; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of ChinaKavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China; Department of Astronomy, School of Physics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of ChinaThere is growing evidence for star formation inside outflows of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). The formed stars are injected into bulges and give rise to perturbation of bulges. In this paper, we investigate the issues of nonrotating, spherically symmetric bulges under the perturbation of fast, massive outflows with stars formed inside. We show that the potential perturbation of outflows, together with injection and dynamical friction of these stars, could drive bulge oscillations. Still, we find that nonzero radial velocity of bulges will be driven by the episodic outflows of AGNs, and after the AGN has quenched, the radial velocity will tend to zero within a timescale ~ τ _AGN , which is the AGN's lifetime. For some typical values of bulges and AGNs, we find that the expansion and contraction velocities are a few × 10 km s ^−1 for 10 ^10 M _⊙ bulges and mass outflowing rate 500 M _⊙ yr ^−1 , which would give observational signatures.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada275Active galactic nucleiSupermassive black holesGalaxies
spellingShingle Yue-Chang Peng
Jian-Min Wang
Yu Zhao
Luis C. Ho
Bulge Oscillation Driven by Outflows of Active Galactic Nuclei. I. Fast Outflow Case
The Astrophysical Journal
Active galactic nuclei
Supermassive black holes
Galaxies
title Bulge Oscillation Driven by Outflows of Active Galactic Nuclei. I. Fast Outflow Case
title_full Bulge Oscillation Driven by Outflows of Active Galactic Nuclei. I. Fast Outflow Case
title_fullStr Bulge Oscillation Driven by Outflows of Active Galactic Nuclei. I. Fast Outflow Case
title_full_unstemmed Bulge Oscillation Driven by Outflows of Active Galactic Nuclei. I. Fast Outflow Case
title_short Bulge Oscillation Driven by Outflows of Active Galactic Nuclei. I. Fast Outflow Case
title_sort bulge oscillation driven by outflows of active galactic nuclei i fast outflow case
topic Active galactic nuclei
Supermassive black holes
Galaxies
url https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada275
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