Lactoferrin: neuroprotection against Parkinson's disease and secondary molecule for potential treatment
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second-most common neurodegenerative disease and is largely caused by the death of dopaminergic (DA) cells. Dopamine loss occurs in the substantia nigra pars compacta and leads to dysfunctions in motor functions. Death of DA cells can occur with oxidative stress...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2023.1204149/full |
| _version_ | 1797692546139291648 |
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| author | Furkan Eker Ecem Bolat Burcu Pekdemir Hatice Duman Sercan Karav |
| author_facet | Furkan Eker Ecem Bolat Burcu Pekdemir Hatice Duman Sercan Karav |
| author_sort | Furkan Eker |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second-most common neurodegenerative disease and is largely caused by the death of dopaminergic (DA) cells. Dopamine loss occurs in the substantia nigra pars compacta and leads to dysfunctions in motor functions. Death of DA cells can occur with oxidative stress and dysfunction of glial cells caused by Parkinson-related gene mutations. Lactoferrin (Lf) is a multifunctional glycoprotein that is usually known for its presence in milk, but recent research shows that Lf is also found in the brain regions. 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is a known mitochondrial toxin that disturbs the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) system and increases the rate of reactive oxygen species. Lf's high affinity for metals decreases the required iron for the Fenton reaction, reduces the oxidative damage to DA cells caused by MPTP, and increases their surveillance rate. Several studies also investigated Lf's effect on neurons that are treated with MPTP. The results pointed out that Lf's protective effect can also be observed without the presence of oxidative stress; thus, several potential mechanisms are currently being researched, starting with a potential HSPG–Lf interaction in the cellular membrane of DA cells. The presence of Lf activity in the brain region also showed that lactoferrin initiates receptor-mediated transcytosis in the blood–brain barrier (BBB) with the existence of lactoferrin receptors in the endothelial cells. The existence of Lf receptors both in endothelial cells and DA cells created the idea of using Lf as a secondary molecule in the transport of therapeutic agents across the BBB, especially in nanoparticle development. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T02:29:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a3cf0052c4844029a723627a93584982 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1663-4365 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T02:29:12Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-a3cf0052c4844029a723627a935849822023-09-05T09:24:11ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience1663-43652023-09-011510.3389/fnagi.2023.12041491204149Lactoferrin: neuroprotection against Parkinson's disease and secondary molecule for potential treatmentFurkan EkerEcem BolatBurcu PekdemirHatice DumanSercan KaravParkinson's disease (PD) is the second-most common neurodegenerative disease and is largely caused by the death of dopaminergic (DA) cells. Dopamine loss occurs in the substantia nigra pars compacta and leads to dysfunctions in motor functions. Death of DA cells can occur with oxidative stress and dysfunction of glial cells caused by Parkinson-related gene mutations. Lactoferrin (Lf) is a multifunctional glycoprotein that is usually known for its presence in milk, but recent research shows that Lf is also found in the brain regions. 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is a known mitochondrial toxin that disturbs the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) system and increases the rate of reactive oxygen species. Lf's high affinity for metals decreases the required iron for the Fenton reaction, reduces the oxidative damage to DA cells caused by MPTP, and increases their surveillance rate. Several studies also investigated Lf's effect on neurons that are treated with MPTP. The results pointed out that Lf's protective effect can also be observed without the presence of oxidative stress; thus, several potential mechanisms are currently being researched, starting with a potential HSPG–Lf interaction in the cellular membrane of DA cells. The presence of Lf activity in the brain region also showed that lactoferrin initiates receptor-mediated transcytosis in the blood–brain barrier (BBB) with the existence of lactoferrin receptors in the endothelial cells. The existence of Lf receptors both in endothelial cells and DA cells created the idea of using Lf as a secondary molecule in the transport of therapeutic agents across the BBB, especially in nanoparticle development.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2023.1204149/fulllactoferrinParkinson's diseaseneuroprotectionheparan sulfate proteoglycansdopaminergic cellsMPTP |
| spellingShingle | Furkan Eker Ecem Bolat Burcu Pekdemir Hatice Duman Sercan Karav Lactoferrin: neuroprotection against Parkinson's disease and secondary molecule for potential treatment Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience lactoferrin Parkinson's disease neuroprotection heparan sulfate proteoglycans dopaminergic cells MPTP |
| title | Lactoferrin: neuroprotection against Parkinson's disease and secondary molecule for potential treatment |
| title_full | Lactoferrin: neuroprotection against Parkinson's disease and secondary molecule for potential treatment |
| title_fullStr | Lactoferrin: neuroprotection against Parkinson's disease and secondary molecule for potential treatment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lactoferrin: neuroprotection against Parkinson's disease and secondary molecule for potential treatment |
| title_short | Lactoferrin: neuroprotection against Parkinson's disease and secondary molecule for potential treatment |
| title_sort | lactoferrin neuroprotection against parkinson s disease and secondary molecule for potential treatment |
| topic | lactoferrin Parkinson's disease neuroprotection heparan sulfate proteoglycans dopaminergic cells MPTP |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2023.1204149/full |
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