Estimating the salivary levels of IL-35 in smokers with periodontitis: A cross sectional study
Background: A refined network and integrated host immune response to bacteria are formed by anti-inflammatory cytokines and the cells that they are associated to IL-35 has been recognized as having strong suppressive activity in chronic inflammatory diseases, together with IL-10 and TGF-β. It is bel...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Saudi Dental Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1013905223001815 |
| _version_ | 1797319501809713152 |
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| author | P. Yuvashri R. Renuka Devi H. Esther Nalini P. Arun Kumar Prasad |
| author_facet | P. Yuvashri R. Renuka Devi H. Esther Nalini P. Arun Kumar Prasad |
| author_sort | P. Yuvashri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: A refined network and integrated host immune response to bacteria are formed by anti-inflammatory cytokines and the cells that they are associated to IL-35 has been recognized as having strong suppressive activity in chronic inflammatory diseases, together with IL-10 and TGF-β. It is believed that inflammatory diseases like periodontitis trigger the inducible Treg population to express IL-35, expanding regulatory responses by increasing infection. Aim: The objective is to estimate and compare the salivary IL-35 levels in Periodontally healthy subjects, smokers and non-smokers with Periodontitis in order to educate on the consequences of periodontal health among the diseased patients. Materials and Methods: Totally 42 subjects were included and they were categorized into Group 1 (n = 14) as Periodontally healthy subjects, Group 2 (n = 14) as systemically healthy non-Smokers with periodontitis and Group 3 (n = 14) as systemically healthy smokers with periodontitis. Each subject was assessed for clinical parameters such as Plaque index, Gingival index, Probing depth, clinical attachment. A polypropylene tube was used to collect unstimulated saliva and centrifuged it at 800 × g for 10 min. Supernatants were collected and stored at −80◦C. A commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was used to analyse levels of human salivary IL-35. Results: The average age of the subjects in Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3 were 50.53, 52.93 and 52.07 years respectively. All three groups showed a statistically significant difference in clinical parameters including Plaque index, Gingival index, Probing depth and clinical attachment. The salivary IL-35 level was found to be elevated in non-smokers who have periodontitis compared to smokers with periodontitis and healthy individuals. Despite this, the salivary IL-35 levels were found to be statistically significant among three groups at P < 0.001. Conclusion: The salivary levels of IL-35 were found to increase in Periodontitis patients with/without smoking, along with increased clinical parameters. IL-35 is considered a influential biomarker for periodontal disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T04:07:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a3d93acba36a4a599907a44027d82060 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1013-9052 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T04:07:47Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Saudi Dental Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-a3d93acba36a4a599907a44027d820602024-02-09T04:47:29ZengElsevierSaudi Dental Journal1013-90522024-01-01361168172Estimating the salivary levels of IL-35 in smokers with periodontitis: A cross sectional studyP. Yuvashri0R. Renuka Devi1H. Esther Nalini2P. Arun Kumar Prasad3Corresponding author at: 5/1033B new housing unit, Trichy road, singalanthapuram (po), Thuraiyur tk, Trichy 621014, India.; Department of Periodontology, KSR Institute of Dental Science and Research, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Periodontology, KSR Institute of Dental Science and Research, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Periodontology, KSR Institute of Dental Science and Research, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Periodontology, KSR Institute of Dental Science and Research, Tamil Nadu, IndiaBackground: A refined network and integrated host immune response to bacteria are formed by anti-inflammatory cytokines and the cells that they are associated to IL-35 has been recognized as having strong suppressive activity in chronic inflammatory diseases, together with IL-10 and TGF-β. It is believed that inflammatory diseases like periodontitis trigger the inducible Treg population to express IL-35, expanding regulatory responses by increasing infection. Aim: The objective is to estimate and compare the salivary IL-35 levels in Periodontally healthy subjects, smokers and non-smokers with Periodontitis in order to educate on the consequences of periodontal health among the diseased patients. Materials and Methods: Totally 42 subjects were included and they were categorized into Group 1 (n = 14) as Periodontally healthy subjects, Group 2 (n = 14) as systemically healthy non-Smokers with periodontitis and Group 3 (n = 14) as systemically healthy smokers with periodontitis. Each subject was assessed for clinical parameters such as Plaque index, Gingival index, Probing depth, clinical attachment. A polypropylene tube was used to collect unstimulated saliva and centrifuged it at 800 × g for 10 min. Supernatants were collected and stored at −80◦C. A commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was used to analyse levels of human salivary IL-35. Results: The average age of the subjects in Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3 were 50.53, 52.93 and 52.07 years respectively. All three groups showed a statistically significant difference in clinical parameters including Plaque index, Gingival index, Probing depth and clinical attachment. The salivary IL-35 level was found to be elevated in non-smokers who have periodontitis compared to smokers with periodontitis and healthy individuals. Despite this, the salivary IL-35 levels were found to be statistically significant among three groups at P < 0.001. Conclusion: The salivary levels of IL-35 were found to increase in Periodontitis patients with/without smoking, along with increased clinical parameters. IL-35 is considered a influential biomarker for periodontal disease.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1013905223001815SmokingPeriodontitisInterleukin-35T-regulatory cells |
| spellingShingle | P. Yuvashri R. Renuka Devi H. Esther Nalini P. Arun Kumar Prasad Estimating the salivary levels of IL-35 in smokers with periodontitis: A cross sectional study Saudi Dental Journal Smoking Periodontitis Interleukin-35 T-regulatory cells |
| title | Estimating the salivary levels of IL-35 in smokers with periodontitis: A cross sectional study |
| title_full | Estimating the salivary levels of IL-35 in smokers with periodontitis: A cross sectional study |
| title_fullStr | Estimating the salivary levels of IL-35 in smokers with periodontitis: A cross sectional study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Estimating the salivary levels of IL-35 in smokers with periodontitis: A cross sectional study |
| title_short | Estimating the salivary levels of IL-35 in smokers with periodontitis: A cross sectional study |
| title_sort | estimating the salivary levels of il 35 in smokers with periodontitis a cross sectional study |
| topic | Smoking Periodontitis Interleukin-35 T-regulatory cells |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1013905223001815 |
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