Essential Oil Components and Antitrichomonal Effects of Piper nigrum L.
Background: Trichomoniasis, caused by Trichomonas vaginalis protozoan, is the most common nonviral sexually transmitted infections worldwide. Although metronidazole and tinidazole are the only approved drugs for treatment, drug-resistant cases of infection are on the rise. The aim of the study was t...
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| Format: | Article |
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Kerman University of Medical Sciences
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_92283_2620447c1a444d1df27efdb6b51a398e.pdf |
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| author | Ali Jamshidi-zad Dara Dastan mohammad fallah Farid Azizi-Jalilian mohammad matini |
| author_facet | Ali Jamshidi-zad Dara Dastan mohammad fallah Farid Azizi-Jalilian mohammad matini |
| author_sort | Ali Jamshidi-zad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Trichomoniasis, caused by Trichomonas vaginalis protozoan, is the most common nonviral sexually transmitted infections worldwide. Although metronidazole and tinidazole are the only approved drugs for treatment, drug-resistant cases of infection are on the rise. The aim of the study was the evaluation of antitrichomonal potential of Piper nigrum and limonene. The phytochemical profile of P. nigrum oil was also investigated. Methods: The parasites were treated in vitro with essential oil and different extracts of P. nigrum seed and limonene using microtiter plate method. The oil analysis of P. nigrum was also evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity assay of P. nigrum oil and limonene were screened on Vero cell line by MTT method.Results: The tested P. nigrum fractions were able to kill 100% of Trichomonas trophozoites at MLC concentration and reduce the trophozoite viability at sub-MLC and lower concentrations. After 48 hours exposure, the most potent fraction was the n-hexane extract with MLC of 78 µg/ml and followed by the essential oil and methanol extract with MLC of 156 µg/ml, limonene (MLC=1250 µg/ml), and then, aqueous extract with MLC value of 25 mg/ml. Also according to cytotoxicity assay, P. nigrum oil was less toxic to Vero cell than limonene, with a selectivity index of 13.2 and 2.04, respectively. Conclusion: This study clearly demonstrated the trichomonacidal potential of P. nigrum. Thus, P. nigrum fractions can be considered promising antiprotozoal agents and the basis for further development to discover new phytochemicals compounds. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T04:59:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a3eaf06841c948d58372f380588b7c98 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2008-2843 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T04:59:54Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | Kerman University of Medical Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-a3eaf06841c948d58372f380588b7c982023-09-03T09:14:02ZengKerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences2008-28432023-08-0130420721210.34172/jkmu.2023.3492283Essential Oil Components and Antitrichomonal Effects of Piper nigrum L.Ali Jamshidi-zad0Dara Dastan1mohammad fallah2Farid Azizi-Jalilian3mohammad matini4Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IranDepartment of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IranDepartment of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IranDepartment of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IranDepartment of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IranBackground: Trichomoniasis, caused by Trichomonas vaginalis protozoan, is the most common nonviral sexually transmitted infections worldwide. Although metronidazole and tinidazole are the only approved drugs for treatment, drug-resistant cases of infection are on the rise. The aim of the study was the evaluation of antitrichomonal potential of Piper nigrum and limonene. The phytochemical profile of P. nigrum oil was also investigated. Methods: The parasites were treated in vitro with essential oil and different extracts of P. nigrum seed and limonene using microtiter plate method. The oil analysis of P. nigrum was also evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity assay of P. nigrum oil and limonene were screened on Vero cell line by MTT method.Results: The tested P. nigrum fractions were able to kill 100% of Trichomonas trophozoites at MLC concentration and reduce the trophozoite viability at sub-MLC and lower concentrations. After 48 hours exposure, the most potent fraction was the n-hexane extract with MLC of 78 µg/ml and followed by the essential oil and methanol extract with MLC of 156 µg/ml, limonene (MLC=1250 µg/ml), and then, aqueous extract with MLC value of 25 mg/ml. Also according to cytotoxicity assay, P. nigrum oil was less toxic to Vero cell than limonene, with a selectivity index of 13.2 and 2.04, respectively. Conclusion: This study clearly demonstrated the trichomonacidal potential of P. nigrum. Thus, P. nigrum fractions can be considered promising antiprotozoal agents and the basis for further development to discover new phytochemicals compounds.https://jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_92283_2620447c1a444d1df27efdb6b51a398e.pdfessential oil, extract, limonene, piper nigrumtrichomonas vaginalis |
| spellingShingle | Ali Jamshidi-zad Dara Dastan mohammad fallah Farid Azizi-Jalilian mohammad matini Essential Oil Components and Antitrichomonal Effects of Piper nigrum L. Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences essential oil, extract, limonene, piper nigrum trichomonas vaginalis |
| title | Essential Oil Components and Antitrichomonal Effects of Piper nigrum L. |
| title_full | Essential Oil Components and Antitrichomonal Effects of Piper nigrum L. |
| title_fullStr | Essential Oil Components and Antitrichomonal Effects of Piper nigrum L. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Essential Oil Components and Antitrichomonal Effects of Piper nigrum L. |
| title_short | Essential Oil Components and Antitrichomonal Effects of Piper nigrum L. |
| title_sort | essential oil components and antitrichomonal effects of piper nigrum l |
| topic | essential oil, extract, limonene, piper nigrum trichomonas vaginalis |
| url | https://jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_92283_2620447c1a444d1df27efdb6b51a398e.pdf |
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