The Role of Astrocytes in the Modulation ofK<sup>+</sup>-Cl<sup>−</sup>-Cotransporter-2 Function
Neuropathic pain is characterized by spontaneous pain, pain sensations, and tactile allodynia. The pain sensory system normally functions under a fine balance between excitation and inhibition. Neuropathic pain arises when this balance is lost for some reason. In past reports, various mechanisms of...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/24/9539 |
| _version_ | 1797544624904994816 |
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| author | Tomoya Kitayama |
| author_facet | Tomoya Kitayama |
| author_sort | Tomoya Kitayama |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Neuropathic pain is characterized by spontaneous pain, pain sensations, and tactile allodynia. The pain sensory system normally functions under a fine balance between excitation and inhibition. Neuropathic pain arises when this balance is lost for some reason. In past reports, various mechanisms of neuropathic pain development have been reported, one of which is the downregulation of K<sup>+</sup>-Cl<sup>−</sup>-cotransporter-2 (KCC2) expression. In fact, various neuropathic pain models indicate a decrease in KCC2 expression. This decrease in KCC2 expression is often due to a brain-derived neurotrophic factor that is released from microglia. However, a similar reaction has been reported in astrocytes, and it is unclear whether astrocytes or microglia are more important. This review discusses the hypothesis that astrocytes have a crucial influence on the alteration of KCC2 expression. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:04:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a3eef59beebc44d293789764ec8169ca |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:04:07Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-a3eef59beebc44d293789764ec8169ca2023-11-21T00:52:12ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-12-012124953910.3390/ijms21249539The Role of Astrocytes in the Modulation ofK<sup>+</sup>-Cl<sup>−</sup>-Cotransporter-2 FunctionTomoya Kitayama0School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Hyogo 663-8179, JapanNeuropathic pain is characterized by spontaneous pain, pain sensations, and tactile allodynia. The pain sensory system normally functions under a fine balance between excitation and inhibition. Neuropathic pain arises when this balance is lost for some reason. In past reports, various mechanisms of neuropathic pain development have been reported, one of which is the downregulation of K<sup>+</sup>-Cl<sup>−</sup>-cotransporter-2 (KCC2) expression. In fact, various neuropathic pain models indicate a decrease in KCC2 expression. This decrease in KCC2 expression is often due to a brain-derived neurotrophic factor that is released from microglia. However, a similar reaction has been reported in astrocytes, and it is unclear whether astrocytes or microglia are more important. This review discusses the hypothesis that astrocytes have a crucial influence on the alteration of KCC2 expression.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/24/9539astrocyteK<sup>+</sup>-Cl<sup>−</sup>-cotransporter-2neuropathic painbrain-derived neurotrophic factortropomyosin receptor kinase B |
| spellingShingle | Tomoya Kitayama The Role of Astrocytes in the Modulation ofK<sup>+</sup>-Cl<sup>−</sup>-Cotransporter-2 Function International Journal of Molecular Sciences astrocyte K<sup>+</sup>-Cl<sup>−</sup>-cotransporter-2 neuropathic pain brain-derived neurotrophic factor tropomyosin receptor kinase B |
| title | The Role of Astrocytes in the Modulation ofK<sup>+</sup>-Cl<sup>−</sup>-Cotransporter-2 Function |
| title_full | The Role of Astrocytes in the Modulation ofK<sup>+</sup>-Cl<sup>−</sup>-Cotransporter-2 Function |
| title_fullStr | The Role of Astrocytes in the Modulation ofK<sup>+</sup>-Cl<sup>−</sup>-Cotransporter-2 Function |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Astrocytes in the Modulation ofK<sup>+</sup>-Cl<sup>−</sup>-Cotransporter-2 Function |
| title_short | The Role of Astrocytes in the Modulation ofK<sup>+</sup>-Cl<sup>−</sup>-Cotransporter-2 Function |
| title_sort | role of astrocytes in the modulation ofk sup sup cl sup sup cotransporter 2 function |
| topic | astrocyte K<sup>+</sup>-Cl<sup>−</sup>-cotransporter-2 neuropathic pain brain-derived neurotrophic factor tropomyosin receptor kinase B |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/24/9539 |
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