Assessment of the Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant Capacity, and Hepatoprotective Effect of <i>Andrographis paniculata</i> against CCl<sub>4</sub>-Induced Liver Dysfunction in Wistar Albino Rats
Recent studies have highlighted the necessity to thoroughly evaluate medicinal plants due to their therapeutic potential. The current study delves into the phytochemical profile, antioxidant capacity, and hepatoprotective effect of <i>Andrographis paniculata.</i> The investigation specif...
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| author | Syed Kashif Ali Hafiz A. Makeen Gulrana Khuwaja Hassan A. Alhazmi Mukul Sharma Afraim Koty Islam Mazahirul Humaira Parveen Asaduddin Mohammed Sayeed Mukhtar Mohammad Firoz Alam |
| author_facet | Syed Kashif Ali Hafiz A. Makeen Gulrana Khuwaja Hassan A. Alhazmi Mukul Sharma Afraim Koty Islam Mazahirul Humaira Parveen Asaduddin Mohammed Sayeed Mukhtar Mohammad Firoz Alam |
| author_sort | Syed Kashif Ali |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Recent studies have highlighted the necessity to thoroughly evaluate medicinal plants due to their therapeutic potential. The current study delves into the phytochemical profile, antioxidant capacity, and hepatoprotective effect of <i>Andrographis paniculata.</i> The investigation specifically targets its effectiveness in mitigating liver dysfunction induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl<sub>4</sub>) in Wistar albino rats, aiming to uncover its promising role as a natural remedy for liver-related ailments. <i>A. paniculata</i> leaf extract was screened for phytoconstituents and antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects in Wistar albino rats against CCl<sub>4</sub>-induced liver dysfunction. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds in all extracts. The phenolic concentration ranged from 10.23 to 19.52 mg gallic acid per gram of the sample, while the highest flavonoid concentration was found in the ethanol fraction (8.27 mg rutin equivalents per gram). The antioxidant activity varied from 10.23 to 62.23. GC-MS analysis identified several phytochemicals including octadecanoic acid, stigmasterol, phenanthrenecarboxylic acid, and others. Effects of the ethanol extract of <i>A. paniculata</i> were evaluated in four groups of animals. Biochemical estimations of serum glutamine oxaloacetate transaminase, serum glutamine pyruvate transaminase, and serum bilirubin were significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the CCl<sub>4</sub>-treated group. Treatment with 300 mg/kg b.w. of the ethanol extract of <i>A. paniculata</i> significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) decreased these serum enzymes. Lipid peroxidation levels in carbon tetrachloride-treated animals showed a substantial (<i>p</i> < 0.05) rise when compared to untreated animals, while the lipid peroxidation levels were considerably (<i>p</i> < 0.05) reduced after treatment with ethanol extract at 300 mg/kg b.w. Liver biochemical catalase activities were significantly reduced in the carbon tetrachloride-treated animals. The results of this study conclusively demonstrate that <i>A. paniculata</i> extracts are a rich source of phytochemicals and possess significant antioxidant, free radical scavenging, and hepatoprotective properties. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:51:03Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:51:03Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-a3f146a8390f477cb2b0584f21f391742023-11-18T20:24:08ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442023-07-01597126010.3390/medicina59071260Assessment of the Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant Capacity, and Hepatoprotective Effect of <i>Andrographis paniculata</i> against CCl<sub>4</sub>-Induced Liver Dysfunction in Wistar Albino RatsSyed Kashif Ali0Hafiz A. Makeen1Gulrana Khuwaja2Hassan A. Alhazmi3Mukul Sharma4Afraim Koty5Islam Mazahirul6Humaira Parveen7Asaduddin Mohammed8Sayeed Mukhtar9Mohammad Firoz Alam10Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi ArabiaCenter of Environmental Research and Studies, Jazan University, Jazan 42145, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Mahliya Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi ArabiaRecent studies have highlighted the necessity to thoroughly evaluate medicinal plants due to their therapeutic potential. The current study delves into the phytochemical profile, antioxidant capacity, and hepatoprotective effect of <i>Andrographis paniculata.</i> The investigation specifically targets its effectiveness in mitigating liver dysfunction induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl<sub>4</sub>) in Wistar albino rats, aiming to uncover its promising role as a natural remedy for liver-related ailments. <i>A. paniculata</i> leaf extract was screened for phytoconstituents and antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects in Wistar albino rats against CCl<sub>4</sub>-induced liver dysfunction. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds in all extracts. The phenolic concentration ranged from 10.23 to 19.52 mg gallic acid per gram of the sample, while the highest flavonoid concentration was found in the ethanol fraction (8.27 mg rutin equivalents per gram). The antioxidant activity varied from 10.23 to 62.23. GC-MS analysis identified several phytochemicals including octadecanoic acid, stigmasterol, phenanthrenecarboxylic acid, and others. Effects of the ethanol extract of <i>A. paniculata</i> were evaluated in four groups of animals. Biochemical estimations of serum glutamine oxaloacetate transaminase, serum glutamine pyruvate transaminase, and serum bilirubin were significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the CCl<sub>4</sub>-treated group. Treatment with 300 mg/kg b.w. of the ethanol extract of <i>A. paniculata</i> significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) decreased these serum enzymes. Lipid peroxidation levels in carbon tetrachloride-treated animals showed a substantial (<i>p</i> < 0.05) rise when compared to untreated animals, while the lipid peroxidation levels were considerably (<i>p</i> < 0.05) reduced after treatment with ethanol extract at 300 mg/kg b.w. Liver biochemical catalase activities were significantly reduced in the carbon tetrachloride-treated animals. The results of this study conclusively demonstrate that <i>A. paniculata</i> extracts are a rich source of phytochemicals and possess significant antioxidant, free radical scavenging, and hepatoprotective properties.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/7/1260<i>Andrographis paniculata</i>phytochemical profileantioxidant activityliver injuryhepatoprotective activityCCl<sub>4</sub> |
| spellingShingle | Syed Kashif Ali Hafiz A. Makeen Gulrana Khuwaja Hassan A. Alhazmi Mukul Sharma Afraim Koty Islam Mazahirul Humaira Parveen Asaduddin Mohammed Sayeed Mukhtar Mohammad Firoz Alam Assessment of the Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant Capacity, and Hepatoprotective Effect of <i>Andrographis paniculata</i> against CCl<sub>4</sub>-Induced Liver Dysfunction in Wistar Albino Rats Medicina <i>Andrographis paniculata</i> phytochemical profile antioxidant activity liver injury hepatoprotective activity CCl<sub>4</sub> |
| title | Assessment of the Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant Capacity, and Hepatoprotective Effect of <i>Andrographis paniculata</i> against CCl<sub>4</sub>-Induced Liver Dysfunction in Wistar Albino Rats |
| title_full | Assessment of the Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant Capacity, and Hepatoprotective Effect of <i>Andrographis paniculata</i> against CCl<sub>4</sub>-Induced Liver Dysfunction in Wistar Albino Rats |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of the Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant Capacity, and Hepatoprotective Effect of <i>Andrographis paniculata</i> against CCl<sub>4</sub>-Induced Liver Dysfunction in Wistar Albino Rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of the Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant Capacity, and Hepatoprotective Effect of <i>Andrographis paniculata</i> against CCl<sub>4</sub>-Induced Liver Dysfunction in Wistar Albino Rats |
| title_short | Assessment of the Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant Capacity, and Hepatoprotective Effect of <i>Andrographis paniculata</i> against CCl<sub>4</sub>-Induced Liver Dysfunction in Wistar Albino Rats |
| title_sort | assessment of the phytochemical profile antioxidant capacity and hepatoprotective effect of i andrographis paniculata i against ccl sub 4 sub induced liver dysfunction in wistar albino rats |
| topic | <i>Andrographis paniculata</i> phytochemical profile antioxidant activity liver injury hepatoprotective activity CCl<sub>4</sub> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/7/1260 |
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