Ecotoxicological Effect of Aged Wood Leachates to Aquatic Organisms
Wood is an important natural resource used for various human activities. Toxicity of wood leachate in aquatic organisms has been previously established, but whether storage over time has an impact on the quality of leachate has not been assessed. Hence, this research seeks to assess the toxicity of...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-07-01
|
| Series: | Water |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/8/2091 |
| _version_ | 1797561595262402560 |
|---|---|
| author | Lyndon N. A. Sackey Klára A. Mocová Vladimír Kočí |
| author_facet | Lyndon N. A. Sackey Klára A. Mocová Vladimír Kočí |
| author_sort | Lyndon N. A. Sackey |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Wood is an important natural resource used for various human activities. Toxicity of wood leachate in aquatic organisms has been previously established, but whether storage over time has an impact on the quality of leachate has not been assessed. Hence, this research seeks to assess the toxicity of aged wood leachate in aquatic organisms. Five fresh wood samples were randomly selected from the Oboyow forest reserve in the eastern region of Ghana: Mahogany (<i>Khaya ivorensis</i>), Cedrela (<i>Cedrela odorata</i>), Emire (<i>Terminalia ivorensis</i>), Wawa (<i>Triplochiton scleroxylon</i>), and Ceiba (<i>Ceiba pendandra</i>) to assess their toxicity to aquatic organisms. Algal (<i>Desmodesmus subspicatus</i>) duckweed (<i>Lemna minor</i>) and daphnia (<i>Daphnia magna</i>) were carried out using exposures to concentrations of 20%, 30%, 45%, 67%, and 100% <i>v/v</i> of wood leachate with control media, because they represented various concentration rate levels of wood leachate toxicity in the test organisms. The toxicity of the various wood leachates might be due to high levels of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total organic carbon (TOC), i.e., metals and phenols. The % IC<sub>50</sub> of the various wood leachate ranged from 21.51–66.77% with mahogany exhibiting the highest toxicity and wawa the lowest. It was also observed that toxicity of wood leachates decreased as the wood leachate aged. The % IC<sub>50</sub> showed both confirmed and potential toxicity among the various wood leachates. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:16:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a3f7018b923f4e34a6332f0c89e21f1b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:16:11Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-a3f7018b923f4e34a6332f0c89e21f1b2023-11-20T07:41:55ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412020-07-01128209110.3390/w12082091Ecotoxicological Effect of Aged Wood Leachates to Aquatic OrganismsLyndon N. A. Sackey0Klára A. Mocová1Vladimír Kočí2Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Environmental Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6-Dejvice, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Environmental Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6-Dejvice, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Environmental Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6-Dejvice, Prague, Czech RepublicWood is an important natural resource used for various human activities. Toxicity of wood leachate in aquatic organisms has been previously established, but whether storage over time has an impact on the quality of leachate has not been assessed. Hence, this research seeks to assess the toxicity of aged wood leachate in aquatic organisms. Five fresh wood samples were randomly selected from the Oboyow forest reserve in the eastern region of Ghana: Mahogany (<i>Khaya ivorensis</i>), Cedrela (<i>Cedrela odorata</i>), Emire (<i>Terminalia ivorensis</i>), Wawa (<i>Triplochiton scleroxylon</i>), and Ceiba (<i>Ceiba pendandra</i>) to assess their toxicity to aquatic organisms. Algal (<i>Desmodesmus subspicatus</i>) duckweed (<i>Lemna minor</i>) and daphnia (<i>Daphnia magna</i>) were carried out using exposures to concentrations of 20%, 30%, 45%, 67%, and 100% <i>v/v</i> of wood leachate with control media, because they represented various concentration rate levels of wood leachate toxicity in the test organisms. The toxicity of the various wood leachates might be due to high levels of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total organic carbon (TOC), i.e., metals and phenols. The % IC<sub>50</sub> of the various wood leachate ranged from 21.51–66.77% with mahogany exhibiting the highest toxicity and wawa the lowest. It was also observed that toxicity of wood leachates decreased as the wood leachate aged. The % IC<sub>50</sub> showed both confirmed and potential toxicity among the various wood leachates.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/8/2091aged wood leachatetoxicityaquatic organismsecotoxicityGhana |
| spellingShingle | Lyndon N. A. Sackey Klára A. Mocová Vladimír Kočí Ecotoxicological Effect of Aged Wood Leachates to Aquatic Organisms Water aged wood leachate toxicity aquatic organisms ecotoxicity Ghana |
| title | Ecotoxicological Effect of Aged Wood Leachates to Aquatic Organisms |
| title_full | Ecotoxicological Effect of Aged Wood Leachates to Aquatic Organisms |
| title_fullStr | Ecotoxicological Effect of Aged Wood Leachates to Aquatic Organisms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ecotoxicological Effect of Aged Wood Leachates to Aquatic Organisms |
| title_short | Ecotoxicological Effect of Aged Wood Leachates to Aquatic Organisms |
| title_sort | ecotoxicological effect of aged wood leachates to aquatic organisms |
| topic | aged wood leachate toxicity aquatic organisms ecotoxicity Ghana |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/8/2091 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lyndonnasackey ecotoxicologicaleffectofagedwoodleachatestoaquaticorganisms AT klaraamocova ecotoxicologicaleffectofagedwoodleachatestoaquaticorganisms AT vladimirkoci ecotoxicologicaleffectofagedwoodleachatestoaquaticorganisms |