Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Delivery of Biologicals and Therapeutics: A Cutting-Edge Technology
After hydrogen and oxygen, carbon is the third most abundant component present in the cosmos with excellent characteristic features of binding to itself and nearly all elements. Since ancient times, carbon-based materials such as graphite, charcoal, and carbon black have been utilized for writing an...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-02-01
|
| Series: | C |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5629/7/1/19 |
| _version_ | 1797414059963842560 |
|---|---|
| author | Alok Mahor Prem Prakash Singh Peeyush Bharadwaj Neeraj Sharma Surabhi Yadav Jessica M. Rosenholm Kuldeep K. Bansal |
| author_facet | Alok Mahor Prem Prakash Singh Peeyush Bharadwaj Neeraj Sharma Surabhi Yadav Jessica M. Rosenholm Kuldeep K. Bansal |
| author_sort | Alok Mahor |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | After hydrogen and oxygen, carbon is the third most abundant component present in the cosmos with excellent characteristic features of binding to itself and nearly all elements. Since ancient times, carbon-based materials such as graphite, charcoal, and carbon black have been utilized for writing and drawing materials. As these materials possess excellent chemical, mechanical, electrical, and thermal features, they have been readily engineered into carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) such as carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, graphene quantum dots, nanodiamonds, fullerenes, carbon nano-onions, and so forth. These materials are now widely explored in biomedical applications. Thus, the emergence of CNMs has opened up a gateway for the detection, delivery, and treatment of a multitude of diseases. They are being actively researched for applications within tissue engineering, as vaccine vectors, and for the delivery of therapeutics to the immune system. This review focuses on the recent advances in various types of CNMs, their fabrication techniques, and their application in the delivery of therapeutics both in vitro and in vivo. The review also focuses on the toxicity concern of the CNMs and the possible remedies to tackle the toxicity issues. Concluding remarks emphasize all the CNMs discussed in the review over their possible biomedical applications, while the future perspectives section discusses the approaches to bring CNMs into the mainstream of clinical trials and their therapeutic applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:27:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a3f8d08c6bf046edbd534fe89f8d2cf0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-5629 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:27:35Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | C |
| spelling | doaj.art-a3f8d08c6bf046edbd534fe89f8d2cf02023-12-03T12:35:34ZengMDPI AGC2311-56292021-02-01711910.3390/c7010019Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Delivery of Biologicals and Therapeutics: A Cutting-Edge TechnologyAlok Mahor0Prem Prakash Singh1Peeyush Bharadwaj2Neeraj Sharma3Surabhi Yadav4Jessica M. Rosenholm5Kuldeep K. Bansal6Institute of Pharmacy, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi 284128, IndiaInstitute of Pharmacy, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi 284128, IndiaInstitute of Pharmacy, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi 284128, IndiaFaculty of Medical & Paramedical Sciences, Madhyanchal Professional University, Bhopal 462044, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, Bipin Bihari College, Jhansi 284003, IndiaPharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, FinlandPharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, FinlandAfter hydrogen and oxygen, carbon is the third most abundant component present in the cosmos with excellent characteristic features of binding to itself and nearly all elements. Since ancient times, carbon-based materials such as graphite, charcoal, and carbon black have been utilized for writing and drawing materials. As these materials possess excellent chemical, mechanical, electrical, and thermal features, they have been readily engineered into carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) such as carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, graphene quantum dots, nanodiamonds, fullerenes, carbon nano-onions, and so forth. These materials are now widely explored in biomedical applications. Thus, the emergence of CNMs has opened up a gateway for the detection, delivery, and treatment of a multitude of diseases. They are being actively researched for applications within tissue engineering, as vaccine vectors, and for the delivery of therapeutics to the immune system. This review focuses on the recent advances in various types of CNMs, their fabrication techniques, and their application in the delivery of therapeutics both in vitro and in vivo. The review also focuses on the toxicity concern of the CNMs and the possible remedies to tackle the toxicity issues. Concluding remarks emphasize all the CNMs discussed in the review over their possible biomedical applications, while the future perspectives section discusses the approaches to bring CNMs into the mainstream of clinical trials and their therapeutic applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5629/7/1/19carbon nanotubesgraphene oxidegraphene quantum dotsfullerenesnanodiamondscarbon nano-onions |
| spellingShingle | Alok Mahor Prem Prakash Singh Peeyush Bharadwaj Neeraj Sharma Surabhi Yadav Jessica M. Rosenholm Kuldeep K. Bansal Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Delivery of Biologicals and Therapeutics: A Cutting-Edge Technology C carbon nanotubes graphene oxide graphene quantum dots fullerenes nanodiamonds carbon nano-onions |
| title | Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Delivery of Biologicals and Therapeutics: A Cutting-Edge Technology |
| title_full | Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Delivery of Biologicals and Therapeutics: A Cutting-Edge Technology |
| title_fullStr | Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Delivery of Biologicals and Therapeutics: A Cutting-Edge Technology |
| title_full_unstemmed | Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Delivery of Biologicals and Therapeutics: A Cutting-Edge Technology |
| title_short | Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Delivery of Biologicals and Therapeutics: A Cutting-Edge Technology |
| title_sort | carbon based nanomaterials for delivery of biologicals and therapeutics a cutting edge technology |
| topic | carbon nanotubes graphene oxide graphene quantum dots fullerenes nanodiamonds carbon nano-onions |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5629/7/1/19 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT alokmahor carbonbasednanomaterialsfordeliveryofbiologicalsandtherapeuticsacuttingedgetechnology AT premprakashsingh carbonbasednanomaterialsfordeliveryofbiologicalsandtherapeuticsacuttingedgetechnology AT peeyushbharadwaj carbonbasednanomaterialsfordeliveryofbiologicalsandtherapeuticsacuttingedgetechnology AT neerajsharma carbonbasednanomaterialsfordeliveryofbiologicalsandtherapeuticsacuttingedgetechnology AT surabhiyadav carbonbasednanomaterialsfordeliveryofbiologicalsandtherapeuticsacuttingedgetechnology AT jessicamrosenholm carbonbasednanomaterialsfordeliveryofbiologicalsandtherapeuticsacuttingedgetechnology AT kuldeepkbansal carbonbasednanomaterialsfordeliveryofbiologicalsandtherapeuticsacuttingedgetechnology |