Molecular Characteristics and Genetic Evolution of Echovirus 33 in Mainland of China
Echovirus, a member of the Enterovirus B (<i>EV-B</i>) family, has led to numerous outbreaks and pandemics, causing a broad spectrum of diseases. Based on the national hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) surveillance system, seven strains of echovirus 33 (E33) were isolated from Mainlan...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/11/1379 |
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| author | Wenhui Wang Huan Fan Shuaifeng Zhou Shikang Li Alitengsaier NIGEDELI Yong Zhang Qiang Sun Yun He Qin Guo Xiaoyi Wang Huanhuan Lu Jinbo Xiao Hehe Zhao Zhenzhi Han Tianjiao Ji Le Zhang Dongmei Yan |
| author_facet | Wenhui Wang Huan Fan Shuaifeng Zhou Shikang Li Alitengsaier NIGEDELI Yong Zhang Qiang Sun Yun He Qin Guo Xiaoyi Wang Huanhuan Lu Jinbo Xiao Hehe Zhao Zhenzhi Han Tianjiao Ji Le Zhang Dongmei Yan |
| author_sort | Wenhui Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Echovirus, a member of the Enterovirus B (<i>EV-B</i>) family, has led to numerous outbreaks and pandemics, causing a broad spectrum of diseases. Based on the national hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) surveillance system, seven strains of echovirus 33 (E33) were isolated from Mainland of China between 2010 and 2018. The whole genomes of these strains were isolated and sequenced, and phylogenetic trees were constructed based on the gene sequences in different regions of the <i>EV-B</i> prototype strains. It was found that E33 may be recombined in the <i>P2</i> and <i>P3</i> regions. Five genotypes (A–E) were defined based on the entire <i>VP1</i> region of E33, of which the C gene subtype was the dominant gene subtype at present. Recombinant analysis showed that genotype C strains likely recombined with EV-B80, EV-B85, E13, and CVA9 in the <i>P2</i> and <i>P3</i> regions, while genotype E had the possibility of recombination with CVB3, E3, E6, and E4. Results of Bayesian analysis indicated that E33 may have appeared around 1955 (95% confidence interval: 1945–1959), with a high evolutionary rate of 1.11 × 10<sup>−2</sup> substitution/site/year (95% highest posterior density (HPD): 8.17 × 10<sup>−3</sup> to 1.4 × 10<sup>−2</sup> substitution/site/year). According to spatial transmission route analysis, two significant transmission routes were identified: from Australia to India and from Oman to Thailand, which the E33 strain in Mainland of China likely introduced from Mexico and India. In conclusion, our study fills the gaps in the evolutionary analysis of E33 and can provide important data for enterovirus surveillance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:05:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a3fe9391995449b0a2f7f56f723b3e5b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:05:22Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-a3fe9391995449b0a2f7f56f723b3e5b2023-11-24T09:34:46ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172022-11-011111137910.3390/pathogens11111379Molecular Characteristics and Genetic Evolution of Echovirus 33 in Mainland of ChinaWenhui Wang0Huan Fan1Shuaifeng Zhou2Shikang Li3Alitengsaier NIGEDELI4Yong Zhang5Qiang Sun6Yun He7Qin Guo8Xiaoyi Wang9Huanhuan Lu10Jinbo Xiao11Hehe Zhao12Zhenzhi Han13Tianjiao Ji14Le Zhang15Dongmei Yan16School of Public Health and Management, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, ChinaJiangsu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, ChinaHunan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410005, ChinaHunan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410005, ChinaXinjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi 830002, ChinaWHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Ministry of Health Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, ChinaWHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Ministry of Health Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, ChinaSchool of Public Health and Management, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, ChinaWHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Ministry of Health Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, ChinaMedical School, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, ChinaWHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Ministry of Health Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, ChinaWHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Ministry of Health Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, ChinaWHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Ministry of Health Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, ChinaWHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Ministry of Health Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, ChinaWHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Ministry of Health Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, ChinaSchool of Public Health and Management, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, ChinaWHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Ministry of Health Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, ChinaEchovirus, a member of the Enterovirus B (<i>EV-B</i>) family, has led to numerous outbreaks and pandemics, causing a broad spectrum of diseases. Based on the national hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) surveillance system, seven strains of echovirus 33 (E33) were isolated from Mainland of China between 2010 and 2018. The whole genomes of these strains were isolated and sequenced, and phylogenetic trees were constructed based on the gene sequences in different regions of the <i>EV-B</i> prototype strains. It was found that E33 may be recombined in the <i>P2</i> and <i>P3</i> regions. Five genotypes (A–E) were defined based on the entire <i>VP1</i> region of E33, of which the C gene subtype was the dominant gene subtype at present. Recombinant analysis showed that genotype C strains likely recombined with EV-B80, EV-B85, E13, and CVA9 in the <i>P2</i> and <i>P3</i> regions, while genotype E had the possibility of recombination with CVB3, E3, E6, and E4. Results of Bayesian analysis indicated that E33 may have appeared around 1955 (95% confidence interval: 1945–1959), with a high evolutionary rate of 1.11 × 10<sup>−2</sup> substitution/site/year (95% highest posterior density (HPD): 8.17 × 10<sup>−3</sup> to 1.4 × 10<sup>−2</sup> substitution/site/year). According to spatial transmission route analysis, two significant transmission routes were identified: from Australia to India and from Oman to Thailand, which the E33 strain in Mainland of China likely introduced from Mexico and India. In conclusion, our study fills the gaps in the evolutionary analysis of E33 and can provide important data for enterovirus surveillance.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/11/1379echovirus 33recombinant analysisgenomic characterizationphyletic evolutionspatial transmission |
| spellingShingle | Wenhui Wang Huan Fan Shuaifeng Zhou Shikang Li Alitengsaier NIGEDELI Yong Zhang Qiang Sun Yun He Qin Guo Xiaoyi Wang Huanhuan Lu Jinbo Xiao Hehe Zhao Zhenzhi Han Tianjiao Ji Le Zhang Dongmei Yan Molecular Characteristics and Genetic Evolution of Echovirus 33 in Mainland of China Pathogens echovirus 33 recombinant analysis genomic characterization phyletic evolution spatial transmission |
| title | Molecular Characteristics and Genetic Evolution of Echovirus 33 in Mainland of China |
| title_full | Molecular Characteristics and Genetic Evolution of Echovirus 33 in Mainland of China |
| title_fullStr | Molecular Characteristics and Genetic Evolution of Echovirus 33 in Mainland of China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Characteristics and Genetic Evolution of Echovirus 33 in Mainland of China |
| title_short | Molecular Characteristics and Genetic Evolution of Echovirus 33 in Mainland of China |
| title_sort | molecular characteristics and genetic evolution of echovirus 33 in mainland of china |
| topic | echovirus 33 recombinant analysis genomic characterization phyletic evolution spatial transmission |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/11/1379 |
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