Genes and Longevity of Lifespan
Aging is a complex process indicated by low energy levels, declined physiological activity, stress induced loss of homeostasis leading to the risk of diseases and mortality. Recent developments in medical sciences and an increased availability of nutritional requirements has significantly increased...
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/3/1499 |
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| author | May Nasser Bin-Jumah Muhammad Shahid Nadeem Sadaf Jamal Gilani Fahad A. Al-Abbasi Inam Ullah Sami I. Alzarea Mohammed M. Ghoneim Sultan Alshehri Aziz Uddin Bibi Nazia Murtaza Imran Kazmi |
| author_facet | May Nasser Bin-Jumah Muhammad Shahid Nadeem Sadaf Jamal Gilani Fahad A. Al-Abbasi Inam Ullah Sami I. Alzarea Mohammed M. Ghoneim Sultan Alshehri Aziz Uddin Bibi Nazia Murtaza Imran Kazmi |
| author_sort | May Nasser Bin-Jumah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aging is a complex process indicated by low energy levels, declined physiological activity, stress induced loss of homeostasis leading to the risk of diseases and mortality. Recent developments in medical sciences and an increased availability of nutritional requirements has significantly increased the average human lifespan worldwide. Several environmental and physiological factors contribute to the aging process. However, about 40% human life expectancy is inherited among generations, many lifespan associated genes, genetic mechanisms and pathways have been demonstrated during last decades. In the present review, we have evaluated many human genes and their non-human orthologs established for their role in the regulation of lifespan. The study has included more than fifty genes reported in the literature for their contributions to the longevity of life. Intact genomic DNA is essential for the life activities at the level of cell, tissue, and organ. Nucleic acids are vulnerable to oxidative stress, chemotherapies, and exposure to radiations. Efficient DNA repair mechanisms are essential for the maintenance of genomic integrity, damaged DNA is not replicated and transferred to next generations rather the presence of deleterious DNA initiates signaling cascades leading to the cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. DNA modifications, DNA methylation, histone methylation, histone acetylation and DNA damage can eventually lead towards apoptosis. The importance of calorie restriction therapy in the extension of lifespan has also been discussed. The role of pathways involved in the regulation of lifespan such as DAF-16/FOXO (forkhead box protein O1), TOR and JNK pathways has also been particularized. The study provides an updated account of genetic factors associated with the extended lifespan and their interactive contributory role with cellular pathways. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:46:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a40ec12cdf7c44a0acefc99897eae97d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:46:59Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-a40ec12cdf7c44a0acefc99897eae97d2023-11-23T16:41:32ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-01-01233149910.3390/ijms23031499Genes and Longevity of LifespanMay Nasser Bin-Jumah0Muhammad Shahid Nadeem1Sadaf Jamal Gilani2Fahad A. Al-Abbasi3Inam Ullah4Sami I. Alzarea5Mohammed M. Ghoneim6Sultan Alshehri7Aziz Uddin8Bibi Nazia Murtaza9Imran Kazmi10Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Basic Health Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, PakistanDepartment of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, PakistanDepartment of Zoology, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology (AUST), Abbottabad 22310, PakistanDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaAging is a complex process indicated by low energy levels, declined physiological activity, stress induced loss of homeostasis leading to the risk of diseases and mortality. Recent developments in medical sciences and an increased availability of nutritional requirements has significantly increased the average human lifespan worldwide. Several environmental and physiological factors contribute to the aging process. However, about 40% human life expectancy is inherited among generations, many lifespan associated genes, genetic mechanisms and pathways have been demonstrated during last decades. In the present review, we have evaluated many human genes and their non-human orthologs established for their role in the regulation of lifespan. The study has included more than fifty genes reported in the literature for their contributions to the longevity of life. Intact genomic DNA is essential for the life activities at the level of cell, tissue, and organ. Nucleic acids are vulnerable to oxidative stress, chemotherapies, and exposure to radiations. Efficient DNA repair mechanisms are essential for the maintenance of genomic integrity, damaged DNA is not replicated and transferred to next generations rather the presence of deleterious DNA initiates signaling cascades leading to the cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. DNA modifications, DNA methylation, histone methylation, histone acetylation and DNA damage can eventually lead towards apoptosis. The importance of calorie restriction therapy in the extension of lifespan has also been discussed. The role of pathways involved in the regulation of lifespan such as DAF-16/FOXO (forkhead box protein O1), TOR and JNK pathways has also been particularized. The study provides an updated account of genetic factors associated with the extended lifespan and their interactive contributory role with cellular pathways.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/3/1499aginglife expectancygenesgeneticsDNA damage repairsignaling pathways |
| spellingShingle | May Nasser Bin-Jumah Muhammad Shahid Nadeem Sadaf Jamal Gilani Fahad A. Al-Abbasi Inam Ullah Sami I. Alzarea Mohammed M. Ghoneim Sultan Alshehri Aziz Uddin Bibi Nazia Murtaza Imran Kazmi Genes and Longevity of Lifespan International Journal of Molecular Sciences aging life expectancy genes genetics DNA damage repair signaling pathways |
| title | Genes and Longevity of Lifespan |
| title_full | Genes and Longevity of Lifespan |
| title_fullStr | Genes and Longevity of Lifespan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genes and Longevity of Lifespan |
| title_short | Genes and Longevity of Lifespan |
| title_sort | genes and longevity of lifespan |
| topic | aging life expectancy genes genetics DNA damage repair signaling pathways |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/3/1499 |
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