The Coevolution of Plants and Microbes Underpins Sustainable Agriculture
Terrestrial plants evolution occurred in the presence of microbes, the phytomicrobiome. The rhizosphere microbial community is the most abundant and diverse subset of the phytomicrobiome and can include both beneficial and parasitic/pathogenic microbes. Prokaryotes of the phytomicrobiome have evolve...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-05-01
|
| Series: | Microorganisms |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/5/1036 |
| _version_ | 1797534464959578112 |
|---|---|
| author | Dongmei Lyu Levini A. Msimbira Mahtab Nazari Mohammed Antar Antoine Pagé Ateeq Shah Nadia Monjezi Jonathan Zajonc Cailun A. S. Tanney Rachel Backer Donald L. Smith |
| author_facet | Dongmei Lyu Levini A. Msimbira Mahtab Nazari Mohammed Antar Antoine Pagé Ateeq Shah Nadia Monjezi Jonathan Zajonc Cailun A. S. Tanney Rachel Backer Donald L. Smith |
| author_sort | Dongmei Lyu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Terrestrial plants evolution occurred in the presence of microbes, the phytomicrobiome. The rhizosphere microbial community is the most abundant and diverse subset of the phytomicrobiome and can include both beneficial and parasitic/pathogenic microbes. Prokaryotes of the phytomicrobiome have evolved relationships with plants that range from non-dependent interactions to dependent endosymbionts. The most extreme endosymbiotic examples are the chloroplasts and mitochondria, which have become organelles and integral parts of the plant, leading to some similarity in DNA sequence between plant tissues and cyanobacteria, the prokaryotic symbiont of ancestral plants. Microbes were associated with the precursors of land plants, green algae, and helped algae transition from aquatic to terrestrial environments. In the terrestrial setting the phytomicrobiome contributes to plant growth and development by (1) establishing symbiotic relationships between plant growth-promoting microbes, including rhizobacteria and mycorrhizal fungi, (2) conferring biotic stress resistance by producing antibiotic compounds, and (3) secreting microbe-to-plant signal compounds, such as phytohormones or their analogues, that regulate aspects of plant physiology, including stress resistance. As plants have evolved, they recruited microbes to assist in the adaptation to available growing environments. Microbes serve themselves by promoting plant growth, which in turn provides microbes with nutrition (root exudates, a source of reduced carbon) and a desirable habitat (the rhizosphere or within plant tissues). The outcome of this coevolution is the diverse and metabolically rich microbial community that now exists in the rhizosphere of terrestrial plants. The holobiont, the unit made up of the phytomicrobiome and the plant host, results from this wide range of coevolved relationships. We are just beginning to appreciate the many ways in which this complex and subtle coevolution acts in agricultural systems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:30:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a40f3774867d4c50b49cf32c17d565fc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:30:53Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-a40f3774867d4c50b49cf32c17d565fc2023-11-21T19:17:03ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072021-05-0195103610.3390/microorganisms9051036The Coevolution of Plants and Microbes Underpins Sustainable AgricultureDongmei Lyu0Levini A. Msimbira1Mahtab Nazari2Mohammed Antar3Antoine Pagé4Ateeq Shah5Nadia Monjezi6Jonathan Zajonc7Cailun A. S. Tanney8Rachel Backer9Donald L. Smith10Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, CanadaDepartment of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, CanadaDepartment of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, CanadaDepartment of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, CanadaDepartment of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, CanadaDepartment of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, CanadaDepartment of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, CanadaDepartment of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, CanadaDepartment of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, CanadaDepartment of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, CanadaDepartment of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, CanadaTerrestrial plants evolution occurred in the presence of microbes, the phytomicrobiome. The rhizosphere microbial community is the most abundant and diverse subset of the phytomicrobiome and can include both beneficial and parasitic/pathogenic microbes. Prokaryotes of the phytomicrobiome have evolved relationships with plants that range from non-dependent interactions to dependent endosymbionts. The most extreme endosymbiotic examples are the chloroplasts and mitochondria, which have become organelles and integral parts of the plant, leading to some similarity in DNA sequence between plant tissues and cyanobacteria, the prokaryotic symbiont of ancestral plants. Microbes were associated with the precursors of land plants, green algae, and helped algae transition from aquatic to terrestrial environments. In the terrestrial setting the phytomicrobiome contributes to plant growth and development by (1) establishing symbiotic relationships between plant growth-promoting microbes, including rhizobacteria and mycorrhizal fungi, (2) conferring biotic stress resistance by producing antibiotic compounds, and (3) secreting microbe-to-plant signal compounds, such as phytohormones or their analogues, that regulate aspects of plant physiology, including stress resistance. As plants have evolved, they recruited microbes to assist in the adaptation to available growing environments. Microbes serve themselves by promoting plant growth, which in turn provides microbes with nutrition (root exudates, a source of reduced carbon) and a desirable habitat (the rhizosphere or within plant tissues). The outcome of this coevolution is the diverse and metabolically rich microbial community that now exists in the rhizosphere of terrestrial plants. The holobiont, the unit made up of the phytomicrobiome and the plant host, results from this wide range of coevolved relationships. We are just beginning to appreciate the many ways in which this complex and subtle coevolution acts in agricultural systems.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/5/1036plant evolutionphytomicrobiomesymbiosispathogenic interactionholobiont |
| spellingShingle | Dongmei Lyu Levini A. Msimbira Mahtab Nazari Mohammed Antar Antoine Pagé Ateeq Shah Nadia Monjezi Jonathan Zajonc Cailun A. S. Tanney Rachel Backer Donald L. Smith The Coevolution of Plants and Microbes Underpins Sustainable Agriculture Microorganisms plant evolution phytomicrobiome symbiosis pathogenic interaction holobiont |
| title | The Coevolution of Plants and Microbes Underpins Sustainable Agriculture |
| title_full | The Coevolution of Plants and Microbes Underpins Sustainable Agriculture |
| title_fullStr | The Coevolution of Plants and Microbes Underpins Sustainable Agriculture |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Coevolution of Plants and Microbes Underpins Sustainable Agriculture |
| title_short | The Coevolution of Plants and Microbes Underpins Sustainable Agriculture |
| title_sort | coevolution of plants and microbes underpins sustainable agriculture |
| topic | plant evolution phytomicrobiome symbiosis pathogenic interaction holobiont |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/5/1036 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT dongmeilyu thecoevolutionofplantsandmicrobesunderpinssustainableagriculture AT leviniamsimbira thecoevolutionofplantsandmicrobesunderpinssustainableagriculture AT mahtabnazari thecoevolutionofplantsandmicrobesunderpinssustainableagriculture AT mohammedantar thecoevolutionofplantsandmicrobesunderpinssustainableagriculture AT antoinepage thecoevolutionofplantsandmicrobesunderpinssustainableagriculture AT ateeqshah thecoevolutionofplantsandmicrobesunderpinssustainableagriculture AT nadiamonjezi thecoevolutionofplantsandmicrobesunderpinssustainableagriculture AT jonathanzajonc thecoevolutionofplantsandmicrobesunderpinssustainableagriculture AT cailunastanney thecoevolutionofplantsandmicrobesunderpinssustainableagriculture AT rachelbacker thecoevolutionofplantsandmicrobesunderpinssustainableagriculture AT donaldlsmith thecoevolutionofplantsandmicrobesunderpinssustainableagriculture AT dongmeilyu coevolutionofplantsandmicrobesunderpinssustainableagriculture AT leviniamsimbira coevolutionofplantsandmicrobesunderpinssustainableagriculture AT mahtabnazari coevolutionofplantsandmicrobesunderpinssustainableagriculture AT mohammedantar coevolutionofplantsandmicrobesunderpinssustainableagriculture AT antoinepage coevolutionofplantsandmicrobesunderpinssustainableagriculture AT ateeqshah coevolutionofplantsandmicrobesunderpinssustainableagriculture AT nadiamonjezi coevolutionofplantsandmicrobesunderpinssustainableagriculture AT jonathanzajonc coevolutionofplantsandmicrobesunderpinssustainableagriculture AT cailunastanney coevolutionofplantsandmicrobesunderpinssustainableagriculture AT rachelbacker coevolutionofplantsandmicrobesunderpinssustainableagriculture AT donaldlsmith coevolutionofplantsandmicrobesunderpinssustainableagriculture |