Interleukin-6 affects the severity of olfactory disorder: a cross-sectional survey of 148 patients who recovered from Omicron infection using the Sniffin’ Sticks test in Tianjin, China
Objectives: The mechanism of olfactory disorder (OD) in patients with COVID-19 is unclear. Our study aimed to elucidate the relationships between inflammatory factors and OD in a sample of patients infected with the Omicron variant, with a high vaccination rate in China. Methods: The Sniffin’ Sticks...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-10-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Infectious Diseases |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971222004684 |
| _version_ | 1798036661829894144 |
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| author | Yibo Liang Xiang Mao Manbao Kuang Jingtai Zhi Ziyue Zhang Mingyu Bo Guimin Zhang Peng Lin Wei Wang Zhongyang Shen |
| author_facet | Yibo Liang Xiang Mao Manbao Kuang Jingtai Zhi Ziyue Zhang Mingyu Bo Guimin Zhang Peng Lin Wei Wang Zhongyang Shen |
| author_sort | Yibo Liang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives: The mechanism of olfactory disorder (OD) in patients with COVID-19 is unclear. Our study aimed to elucidate the relationships between inflammatory factors and OD in a sample of patients infected with the Omicron variant, with a high vaccination rate in China. Methods: The Sniffin’ Sticks 12-item test was performed in a cross-sectional study of 148 recovered patients who were infected with the Omicron variant to evaluate OD severity. We compared demographic, laboratory, and clinical data. Results: A total of 148 patients infected with the Omicron variant were enrolled. A total of 129 cases of OD were detected. Increased inflammation contributed to OD severity, especially in the adult group. OD was shown to be aggravated by an increase in interleukin-6 levels. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 2.22 (95% confidence interval 0.98-5.05, P = 0.056) after adjustment for age, sex, and vaccine characteristics. Conclusion: These findings indicated that the prevalence of OD remains high in vaccinated patients infected with the Omicron variant and that the Sniffin’ Sticks 12-item test might be a feasible method to screen for OD. Interleukin-6 may play a role in the biochemical and pathological processes underlying OD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:15:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a40f7f1b06074f9fb691daf004d80218 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1201-9712 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T21:15:58Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Infectious Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-a40f7f1b06074f9fb691daf004d802182022-12-22T04:02:49ZengElsevierInternational Journal of Infectious Diseases1201-97122022-10-011231724Interleukin-6 affects the severity of olfactory disorder: a cross-sectional survey of 148 patients who recovered from Omicron infection using the Sniffin’ Sticks test in Tianjin, ChinaYibo Liang0Xiang Mao1Manbao Kuang2Jingtai Zhi3Ziyue Zhang4Mingyu Bo5Guimin Zhang6Peng Lin7Wei Wang8Zhongyang Shen9Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China; Institute of Otolaryngology of Tianjin, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Auditory Speech and Balance Medicine, Tianjin, China; Key Medical Discipline of Tianjin (Otolaryngology), Tianjin, China; Quality Control Centre of Otolaryngology, Tianjin, ChinaDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China; Institute of Otolaryngology of Tianjin, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Auditory Speech and Balance Medicine, Tianjin, China; Key Medical Discipline of Tianjin (Otolaryngology), Tianjin, China; Quality Control Centre of Otolaryngology, Tianjin, ChinaDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China; Institute of Otolaryngology of Tianjin, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Auditory Speech and Balance Medicine, Tianjin, China; Key Medical Discipline of Tianjin (Otolaryngology), Tianjin, China; Quality Control Centre of Otolaryngology, Tianjin, ChinaDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China; Institute of Otolaryngology of Tianjin, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Auditory Speech and Balance Medicine, Tianjin, China; Key Medical Discipline of Tianjin (Otolaryngology), Tianjin, China; Quality Control Centre of Otolaryngology, Tianjin, ChinaDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China; Institute of Otolaryngology of Tianjin, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Auditory Speech and Balance Medicine, Tianjin, China; Key Medical Discipline of Tianjin (Otolaryngology), Tianjin, China; Quality Control Centre of Otolaryngology, Tianjin, ChinaDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China; Institute of Otolaryngology of Tianjin, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Auditory Speech and Balance Medicine, Tianjin, China; Key Medical Discipline of Tianjin (Otolaryngology), Tianjin, China; Quality Control Centre of Otolaryngology, Tianjin, ChinaDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China; Institute of Otolaryngology of Tianjin, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Auditory Speech and Balance Medicine, Tianjin, China; Key Medical Discipline of Tianjin (Otolaryngology), Tianjin, China; Quality Control Centre of Otolaryngology, Tianjin, ChinaDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China; Institute of Otolaryngology of Tianjin, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Auditory Speech and Balance Medicine, Tianjin, China; Key Medical Discipline of Tianjin (Otolaryngology), Tianjin, China; Quality Control Centre of Otolaryngology, Tianjin, ChinaDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China; Institute of Otolaryngology of Tianjin, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Auditory Speech and Balance Medicine, Tianjin, China; Key Medical Discipline of Tianjin (Otolaryngology), Tianjin, China; Quality Control Centre of Otolaryngology, Tianjin, China; Correspondence to: Wei Wang, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China, Institute of Otolaryngology of Tianjin, China, Key Laboratory of Auditory Speech and Balance Medicine, Tianjin, China, Key Clinical Discipline of Tianjin (Otolaryngology), China, Otolaryngology Clinical Quality Control Centre, Tianjin, China.Organ Transplant Center, NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China; Zhongyang Shen, Organ Transplant Center, NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China.Objectives: The mechanism of olfactory disorder (OD) in patients with COVID-19 is unclear. Our study aimed to elucidate the relationships between inflammatory factors and OD in a sample of patients infected with the Omicron variant, with a high vaccination rate in China. Methods: The Sniffin’ Sticks 12-item test was performed in a cross-sectional study of 148 recovered patients who were infected with the Omicron variant to evaluate OD severity. We compared demographic, laboratory, and clinical data. Results: A total of 148 patients infected with the Omicron variant were enrolled. A total of 129 cases of OD were detected. Increased inflammation contributed to OD severity, especially in the adult group. OD was shown to be aggravated by an increase in interleukin-6 levels. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 2.22 (95% confidence interval 0.98-5.05, P = 0.056) after adjustment for age, sex, and vaccine characteristics. Conclusion: These findings indicated that the prevalence of OD remains high in vaccinated patients infected with the Omicron variant and that the Sniffin’ Sticks 12-item test might be a feasible method to screen for OD. Interleukin-6 may play a role in the biochemical and pathological processes underlying OD.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971222004684COVID-19Interleukin-6OmicronOlfactory disorderVaccination |
| spellingShingle | Yibo Liang Xiang Mao Manbao Kuang Jingtai Zhi Ziyue Zhang Mingyu Bo Guimin Zhang Peng Lin Wei Wang Zhongyang Shen Interleukin-6 affects the severity of olfactory disorder: a cross-sectional survey of 148 patients who recovered from Omicron infection using the Sniffin’ Sticks test in Tianjin, China International Journal of Infectious Diseases COVID-19 Interleukin-6 Omicron Olfactory disorder Vaccination |
| title | Interleukin-6 affects the severity of olfactory disorder: a cross-sectional survey of 148 patients who recovered from Omicron infection using the Sniffin’ Sticks test in Tianjin, China |
| title_full | Interleukin-6 affects the severity of olfactory disorder: a cross-sectional survey of 148 patients who recovered from Omicron infection using the Sniffin’ Sticks test in Tianjin, China |
| title_fullStr | Interleukin-6 affects the severity of olfactory disorder: a cross-sectional survey of 148 patients who recovered from Omicron infection using the Sniffin’ Sticks test in Tianjin, China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Interleukin-6 affects the severity of olfactory disorder: a cross-sectional survey of 148 patients who recovered from Omicron infection using the Sniffin’ Sticks test in Tianjin, China |
| title_short | Interleukin-6 affects the severity of olfactory disorder: a cross-sectional survey of 148 patients who recovered from Omicron infection using the Sniffin’ Sticks test in Tianjin, China |
| title_sort | interleukin 6 affects the severity of olfactory disorder a cross sectional survey of 148 patients who recovered from omicron infection using the sniffin sticks test in tianjin china |
| topic | COVID-19 Interleukin-6 Omicron Olfactory disorder Vaccination |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971222004684 |
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