Subclinical Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in HIV Patients: Prevalence and Associations with Carotid Atherosclerosis and Increased Adiposity
Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is mainly detected in young, otherwise healthy, individuals. Cardiomyopathy and peripheral artery disease affecting these patients appears to be multifactorial. Prompt and potentially more effective implementation of therapeutic measures could be enable...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/7/1804 |
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| author | Eleni Athanasiadi Maria Bonou Dimitrios Basoulis Chris J. Kapelios Constantina Masoura Marina Skouloudi Sophie Mavrogeni Constantina Aggeli Mina Psichogiou John Barbetseas |
| author_facet | Eleni Athanasiadi Maria Bonou Dimitrios Basoulis Chris J. Kapelios Constantina Masoura Marina Skouloudi Sophie Mavrogeni Constantina Aggeli Mina Psichogiou John Barbetseas |
| author_sort | Eleni Athanasiadi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is mainly detected in young, otherwise healthy, individuals. Cardiomyopathy and peripheral artery disease affecting these patients appears to be multifactorial. Prompt and potentially more effective implementation of therapeutic measures could be enabled by pre-symptomatic diagnosis of myocardial dysfunction and peripheral artery damage. However, limited data is available to date on this specific topic. Μethods: We investigated the association between global longitudinal strain (GLS), an established index of subclinical left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) assessed by two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography, and: (a) patient history; (b) demographic and clinical baseline characteristics; (c) carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and the presence of carotid atherosclerotic plaque(s), measured by ultrasonography; (d) temperature difference (ΔT) along each carotid artery, measured by microwave radiometry; and (e) basic blood panel measurements, including high-sensitivity troponin-T (hsTnT) and NT-proBNP in people living with HIV (PLWH) and no history of cardiovascular disease. Results: We prospectively enrolled 103 consecutive PLWH (95% male, age 47 ± 11 years, anti-retroviral therapy 100%) and 52 age- and sex-matched controls. PLWH had a significantly higher relative wall thickness (0.38 ± 0.08 vs. 0.36 ± 0.04, <i>p</i> = 0.048), and higher rate of LVSD (34% vs. 15.4%, <i>p</i> = 0.015), and carotid artery atherosclerosis (28% vs. 6%, <i>p</i> = 0.001) compared with controls. Among PLWH, LVSD was independently associated with the presence of carotid atherosclerosis (adj. OR:3.09; 95%CI:1.10–8.67, <i>p</i> = 0.032) and BMI (1.15; 1.03–1.29, <i>p</i> = 0.017), while a trend for association between LVSD and left ventricular hypertrophy was also noted (3.12; 0.73–13.33, <i>p</i> = 0.124). No differences were seen in microwave radiometry parameters, NT-proBNP, hs-TnT and c-reactive protein between PLWH with and without LVSD. Conclusions: Subclinical LVSD and carotid atherosclerosis were significantly more frequent in PLWH compared to a group of healthy individuals, implying a possible link between HIV infection and these two pathological processes. Carotid atherosclerosis and increased adiposity were independently associated with impaired GLS in HIV-infected individuals. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:43:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a41969b4acb34a3db51853907f690d6e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:43:45Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-a41969b4acb34a3db51853907f690d6e2023-11-30T23:27:06ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832022-03-01117180410.3390/jcm11071804Subclinical Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in HIV Patients: Prevalence and Associations with Carotid Atherosclerosis and Increased AdiposityEleni Athanasiadi0Maria Bonou1Dimitrios Basoulis2Chris J. Kapelios3Constantina Masoura4Marina Skouloudi5Sophie Mavrogeni6Constantina Aggeli7Mina Psichogiou8John Barbetseas9Department of Cardiology, Laiko General Hospital, 115 27 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Cardiology, Laiko General Hospital, 115 27 Athens, GreeceFirst Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Cardiology, Laiko General Hospital, 115 27 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Cardiology, Laiko General Hospital, 115 27 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Cardiology, Laiko General Hospital, 115 27 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Cardiology, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, 176 74 Athens, GreeceFirst Department of Cardiology, Hippokration General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, GreeceFirst Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Cardiology, Laiko General Hospital, 115 27 Athens, GreeceBackground: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is mainly detected in young, otherwise healthy, individuals. Cardiomyopathy and peripheral artery disease affecting these patients appears to be multifactorial. Prompt and potentially more effective implementation of therapeutic measures could be enabled by pre-symptomatic diagnosis of myocardial dysfunction and peripheral artery damage. However, limited data is available to date on this specific topic. Μethods: We investigated the association between global longitudinal strain (GLS), an established index of subclinical left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) assessed by two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography, and: (a) patient history; (b) demographic and clinical baseline characteristics; (c) carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and the presence of carotid atherosclerotic plaque(s), measured by ultrasonography; (d) temperature difference (ΔT) along each carotid artery, measured by microwave radiometry; and (e) basic blood panel measurements, including high-sensitivity troponin-T (hsTnT) and NT-proBNP in people living with HIV (PLWH) and no history of cardiovascular disease. Results: We prospectively enrolled 103 consecutive PLWH (95% male, age 47 ± 11 years, anti-retroviral therapy 100%) and 52 age- and sex-matched controls. PLWH had a significantly higher relative wall thickness (0.38 ± 0.08 vs. 0.36 ± 0.04, <i>p</i> = 0.048), and higher rate of LVSD (34% vs. 15.4%, <i>p</i> = 0.015), and carotid artery atherosclerosis (28% vs. 6%, <i>p</i> = 0.001) compared with controls. Among PLWH, LVSD was independently associated with the presence of carotid atherosclerosis (adj. OR:3.09; 95%CI:1.10–8.67, <i>p</i> = 0.032) and BMI (1.15; 1.03–1.29, <i>p</i> = 0.017), while a trend for association between LVSD and left ventricular hypertrophy was also noted (3.12; 0.73–13.33, <i>p</i> = 0.124). No differences were seen in microwave radiometry parameters, NT-proBNP, hs-TnT and c-reactive protein between PLWH with and without LVSD. Conclusions: Subclinical LVSD and carotid atherosclerosis were significantly more frequent in PLWH compared to a group of healthy individuals, implying a possible link between HIV infection and these two pathological processes. Carotid atherosclerosis and increased adiposity were independently associated with impaired GLS in HIV-infected individuals.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/7/1804HIV infectionleft ventricular dysfunctionspeckle trackingechocardiographycarotid atherosclerosisinflammation |
| spellingShingle | Eleni Athanasiadi Maria Bonou Dimitrios Basoulis Chris J. Kapelios Constantina Masoura Marina Skouloudi Sophie Mavrogeni Constantina Aggeli Mina Psichogiou John Barbetseas Subclinical Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in HIV Patients: Prevalence and Associations with Carotid Atherosclerosis and Increased Adiposity Journal of Clinical Medicine HIV infection left ventricular dysfunction speckle tracking echocardiography carotid atherosclerosis inflammation |
| title | Subclinical Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in HIV Patients: Prevalence and Associations with Carotid Atherosclerosis and Increased Adiposity |
| title_full | Subclinical Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in HIV Patients: Prevalence and Associations with Carotid Atherosclerosis and Increased Adiposity |
| title_fullStr | Subclinical Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in HIV Patients: Prevalence and Associations with Carotid Atherosclerosis and Increased Adiposity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Subclinical Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in HIV Patients: Prevalence and Associations with Carotid Atherosclerosis and Increased Adiposity |
| title_short | Subclinical Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in HIV Patients: Prevalence and Associations with Carotid Atherosclerosis and Increased Adiposity |
| title_sort | subclinical left ventricular systolic dysfunction in hiv patients prevalence and associations with carotid atherosclerosis and increased adiposity |
| topic | HIV infection left ventricular dysfunction speckle tracking echocardiography carotid atherosclerosis inflammation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/7/1804 |
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