A Polyphenol Rich Extract from Solanum melongena L. DR2 Peel Exhibits Antioxidant Properties and Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Activity In Vitro
DR2B and DR2C extracts, obtained by ethanolic maceration of peel from commercially and physiologically ripe aubergine berries, were studied for the antioxidative cytoprotective properties and anti-HSV-1 activity, in line with the evidence that several antioxidants can impair viral replication by mai...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2018-08-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/8/2066 |
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| author | Antonella Di Sotto Silvia Di Giacomo Donatella Amatore Marcello Locatelli Annabella Vitalone Chiara Toniolo Giuseppe Leonardo Rotino Roberto Lo Scalzo Anna Teresa Palamara Maria Elena Marcocci Lucia Nencioni |
| author_facet | Antonella Di Sotto Silvia Di Giacomo Donatella Amatore Marcello Locatelli Annabella Vitalone Chiara Toniolo Giuseppe Leonardo Rotino Roberto Lo Scalzo Anna Teresa Palamara Maria Elena Marcocci Lucia Nencioni |
| author_sort | Antonella Di Sotto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | DR2B and DR2C extracts, obtained by ethanolic maceration of peel from commercially and physiologically ripe aubergine berries, were studied for the antioxidative cytoprotective properties and anti-HSV-1 activity, in line with the evidence that several antioxidants can impair viral replication by maintaining reducing conditions in host cells. The antioxidative cytoprotective effects against tBOOH-induced damage were assessed in Caco2 cells, while antiviral activity was studied in Vero cells; polyphenolic fingerprints were characterized by integrated phytochemical methods. Results highlighted different compositions of the extracts, with chlorogenic acid and delphinidin-3-rutinoside as the major constituents; other peculiar phytochemicals were also identified. Both samples reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and exhibited scavenging and chelating properties. DR2C partly counteracted the tBOOH-induced cytotoxicity, with a remarkable lowering of lactate metabolism under both normoxia and hypoxia; interestingly, it increased intracellular GSH levels. Furthermore, DR2C inhibited the HSV-1 replication when added for 24 h after viral adsorption, as also confirmed by the reduction of many viral proteins’ expression. Since DR2C was able to reduce NOX4 expression during HSV-1 infection, its antiviral activity may be correlated to its antioxidant properties. Although further studies are needed to better characterize DR2C activity, the results suggest this extract as a promising new anti-HSV-1 agent. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T00:08:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a41d81e72385416185a952b06b741b5c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T00:08:54Z |
| publishDate | 2018-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-a41d81e72385416185a952b06b741b5c2022-12-22T01:28:12ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492018-08-01238206610.3390/molecules23082066molecules23082066A Polyphenol Rich Extract from Solanum melongena L. DR2 Peel Exhibits Antioxidant Properties and Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Activity In VitroAntonella Di Sotto0Silvia Di Giacomo1Donatella Amatore2Marcello Locatelli3Annabella Vitalone4Chiara Toniolo5Giuseppe Leonardo Rotino6Roberto Lo Scalzo7Anna Teresa Palamara8Maria Elena Marcocci9Lucia Nencioni10Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy, University “G. D’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, ItalyDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyResearch Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics (CREA-GB), Via Paullese 28, Lodi, 26836 Montanaso Lombardo, ItalyResearch Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing (CREA-IT), Via Venezian 26, 20133 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, ItalyDR2B and DR2C extracts, obtained by ethanolic maceration of peel from commercially and physiologically ripe aubergine berries, were studied for the antioxidative cytoprotective properties and anti-HSV-1 activity, in line with the evidence that several antioxidants can impair viral replication by maintaining reducing conditions in host cells. The antioxidative cytoprotective effects against tBOOH-induced damage were assessed in Caco2 cells, while antiviral activity was studied in Vero cells; polyphenolic fingerprints were characterized by integrated phytochemical methods. Results highlighted different compositions of the extracts, with chlorogenic acid and delphinidin-3-rutinoside as the major constituents; other peculiar phytochemicals were also identified. Both samples reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and exhibited scavenging and chelating properties. DR2C partly counteracted the tBOOH-induced cytotoxicity, with a remarkable lowering of lactate metabolism under both normoxia and hypoxia; interestingly, it increased intracellular GSH levels. Furthermore, DR2C inhibited the HSV-1 replication when added for 24 h after viral adsorption, as also confirmed by the reduction of many viral proteins’ expression. Since DR2C was able to reduce NOX4 expression during HSV-1 infection, its antiviral activity may be correlated to its antioxidant properties. Although further studies are needed to better characterize DR2C activity, the results suggest this extract as a promising new anti-HSV-1 agent.http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/8/2066eggplant peelpolyphenolsHSV-1Warburg effectantioxidant activityantiviral agentsvegetable waste |
| spellingShingle | Antonella Di Sotto Silvia Di Giacomo Donatella Amatore Marcello Locatelli Annabella Vitalone Chiara Toniolo Giuseppe Leonardo Rotino Roberto Lo Scalzo Anna Teresa Palamara Maria Elena Marcocci Lucia Nencioni A Polyphenol Rich Extract from Solanum melongena L. DR2 Peel Exhibits Antioxidant Properties and Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Activity In Vitro Molecules eggplant peel polyphenols HSV-1 Warburg effect antioxidant activity antiviral agents vegetable waste |
| title | A Polyphenol Rich Extract from Solanum melongena L. DR2 Peel Exhibits Antioxidant Properties and Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Activity In Vitro |
| title_full | A Polyphenol Rich Extract from Solanum melongena L. DR2 Peel Exhibits Antioxidant Properties and Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Activity In Vitro |
| title_fullStr | A Polyphenol Rich Extract from Solanum melongena L. DR2 Peel Exhibits Antioxidant Properties and Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Activity In Vitro |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Polyphenol Rich Extract from Solanum melongena L. DR2 Peel Exhibits Antioxidant Properties and Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Activity In Vitro |
| title_short | A Polyphenol Rich Extract from Solanum melongena L. DR2 Peel Exhibits Antioxidant Properties and Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Activity In Vitro |
| title_sort | polyphenol rich extract from solanum melongena l dr2 peel exhibits antioxidant properties and anti herpes simplex virus type 1 activity in vitro |
| topic | eggplant peel polyphenols HSV-1 Warburg effect antioxidant activity antiviral agents vegetable waste |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/8/2066 |
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