Defining the lipid profiles of human milk, infant formula, and animal milk: implications for infant feeding
BackgroundBreastfed infants have lower disease risk compared to formula-fed infants, however, the mechanisms behind this protection are unknown. Human milk has a complex lipidome which may have many critical roles in health and disease risk. However, human milk lipidomics is challenging, and researc...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2023.1227340/full |
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| author | Alexandra D. George Alexandra D. George Alexandra D. George Sudip Paul Sudip Paul Sudip Paul Tingting Wang Tingting Wang Kevin Huynh Kevin Huynh Kevin Huynh Corey Giles Corey Giles Corey Giles Natalie Mellett Thy Duong Anh Nguyen Donna Geddes Donna Geddes Toby Mansell Toby Mansell Richard Saffery Richard Saffery Peter Vuillermin Peter Vuillermin Peter Vuillermin Anne-Louise Ponsonby Anne-Louise Ponsonby David Burgner David Burgner Satvika Burugupalli Satvika Burugupalli Peter J. Meikle Peter J. Meikle Peter J. Meikle Peter J. Meikle Barwon Infant Study Investigator Team Anne-Louise Ponsonby David Burgner Fiona Collier John Carlin Katie Allen Mimi Tang Peter Sly Peter Vuillermin Richard Saffery Sarath Ranganathan Terry Dwyer |
| author_facet | Alexandra D. George Alexandra D. George Alexandra D. George Sudip Paul Sudip Paul Sudip Paul Tingting Wang Tingting Wang Kevin Huynh Kevin Huynh Kevin Huynh Corey Giles Corey Giles Corey Giles Natalie Mellett Thy Duong Anh Nguyen Donna Geddes Donna Geddes Toby Mansell Toby Mansell Richard Saffery Richard Saffery Peter Vuillermin Peter Vuillermin Peter Vuillermin Anne-Louise Ponsonby Anne-Louise Ponsonby David Burgner David Burgner Satvika Burugupalli Satvika Burugupalli Peter J. Meikle Peter J. Meikle Peter J. Meikle Peter J. Meikle Barwon Infant Study Investigator Team Anne-Louise Ponsonby David Burgner Fiona Collier John Carlin Katie Allen Mimi Tang Peter Sly Peter Vuillermin Richard Saffery Sarath Ranganathan Terry Dwyer |
| author_sort | Alexandra D. George |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundBreastfed infants have lower disease risk compared to formula-fed infants, however, the mechanisms behind this protection are unknown. Human milk has a complex lipidome which may have many critical roles in health and disease risk. However, human milk lipidomics is challenging, and research is still required to fully understand the lipidome and to interpret and translate findings. This study aimed to address key human milk lipidome knowledge gaps and discuss possible implications for early life health.MethodsHuman milk samples from two birth cohorts, the Barwon Infant Study (n = 312) and University of Western Australia birth cohort (n = 342), were analysed using four liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS) methods (lipidome, triacylglycerol, total fatty acid, alkylglycerol). Bovine, goat, and soy-based infant formula, and bovine and goat milk were analysed for comparison. Composition was explored as concentrations, relative abundance, and infant lipid intake. Statistical analyses included principal component analysis, mixed effects modelling, and correlation, with false discovery rate correction, to explore human milk lipidome longitudinal trends and inter and intra-individual variation, differences between sample types, lipid intakes, and correlations between infant plasma and human milk lipids.ResultsLipidomics analysis identified 979 lipids. The human milk lipidome was distinct from that of infant formula and animal milk. Ether lipids were of particular interest, as they were significantly higher, in concentration and relative abundance, in human milk than in formula and animal milk, if present in the latter samples at all. Many ether lipids were highest in colostrum, and some changed significantly through lactation. Significant correlations were identified between human milk and infant circulating lipids (40% of which were ether lipids), and specific ether lipid intake by exclusively breastfed infants was 200-fold higher than that of an exclusively formula-fed infant.ConclusionThere are marked differences between the lipidomes of human milk, infant formula, and animal milk, with notable distinctions between ether lipids that are reflected in the infant plasma lipidome. These findings have potential implications for early life health, and may reveal why breast and formula-fed infants are not afforded the same protections. Comprehensive lipidomics studies with outcomes are required to understand the impacts on infant health and tailor translation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T11:51:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a42dc30ec7054cd3aeb4cab4d74bcf35 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-861X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T11:51:47Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj.art-a42dc30ec7054cd3aeb4cab4d74bcf352023-08-31T06:46:08ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2023-08-011010.3389/fnut.2023.12273401227340Defining the lipid profiles of human milk, infant formula, and animal milk: implications for infant feedingAlexandra D. George0Alexandra D. George1Alexandra D. George2Sudip Paul3Sudip Paul4Sudip Paul5Tingting Wang6Tingting Wang7Kevin Huynh8Kevin Huynh9Kevin Huynh10Corey Giles11Corey Giles12Corey Giles13Natalie Mellett14Thy Duong15Anh Nguyen16Donna Geddes17Donna Geddes18Toby Mansell19Toby Mansell20Richard Saffery21Richard Saffery22Peter Vuillermin23Peter Vuillermin24Peter Vuillermin25Anne-Louise Ponsonby26Anne-Louise Ponsonby27David Burgner28David Burgner29Satvika Burugupalli30Satvika Burugupalli31Peter J. Meikle32Peter J. Meikle33Peter J. Meikle34Peter J. Meikle35Barwon Infant Study Investigator TeamAnne-Louise PonsonbyDavid BurgnerFiona CollierJohn CarlinKatie AllenMimi TangPeter SlyPeter VuillerminRichard SafferySarath RanganathanTerry DwyerMetabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaBaker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, AustraliaDepartment of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, AustraliaMetabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaBaker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, AustraliaDepartment of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, AustraliaMetabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaDepartment of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, AustraliaMetabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaBaker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, AustraliaDepartment of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, AustraliaMetabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaBaker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, AustraliaDepartment of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, AustraliaMetabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaMetabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaMetabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaSchool of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, AustraliaMurdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, AustraliaMurdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, AustraliaDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, AustraliaMurdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, AustraliaDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, AustraliaMurdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, AustraliaSchool of Medicine, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaChild Health Research Unit, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, AustraliaMurdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, AustraliaThe Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaMurdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, AustraliaDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, AustraliaMetabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaDepartment of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, AustraliaMetabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaBaker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, AustraliaDepartment of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia0Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, AustraliaBackgroundBreastfed infants have lower disease risk compared to formula-fed infants, however, the mechanisms behind this protection are unknown. Human milk has a complex lipidome which may have many critical roles in health and disease risk. However, human milk lipidomics is challenging, and research is still required to fully understand the lipidome and to interpret and translate findings. This study aimed to address key human milk lipidome knowledge gaps and discuss possible implications for early life health.MethodsHuman milk samples from two birth cohorts, the Barwon Infant Study (n = 312) and University of Western Australia birth cohort (n = 342), were analysed using four liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS) methods (lipidome, triacylglycerol, total fatty acid, alkylglycerol). Bovine, goat, and soy-based infant formula, and bovine and goat milk were analysed for comparison. Composition was explored as concentrations, relative abundance, and infant lipid intake. Statistical analyses included principal component analysis, mixed effects modelling, and correlation, with false discovery rate correction, to explore human milk lipidome longitudinal trends and inter and intra-individual variation, differences between sample types, lipid intakes, and correlations between infant plasma and human milk lipids.ResultsLipidomics analysis identified 979 lipids. The human milk lipidome was distinct from that of infant formula and animal milk. Ether lipids were of particular interest, as they were significantly higher, in concentration and relative abundance, in human milk than in formula and animal milk, if present in the latter samples at all. Many ether lipids were highest in colostrum, and some changed significantly through lactation. Significant correlations were identified between human milk and infant circulating lipids (40% of which were ether lipids), and specific ether lipid intake by exclusively breastfed infants was 200-fold higher than that of an exclusively formula-fed infant.ConclusionThere are marked differences between the lipidomes of human milk, infant formula, and animal milk, with notable distinctions between ether lipids that are reflected in the infant plasma lipidome. These findings have potential implications for early life health, and may reveal why breast and formula-fed infants are not afforded the same protections. Comprehensive lipidomics studies with outcomes are required to understand the impacts on infant health and tailor translation.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2023.1227340/fullbreastfeedingbreastmilkmetabolomicsDOHaD (development origins of health and disease)fat |
| spellingShingle | Alexandra D. George Alexandra D. George Alexandra D. George Sudip Paul Sudip Paul Sudip Paul Tingting Wang Tingting Wang Kevin Huynh Kevin Huynh Kevin Huynh Corey Giles Corey Giles Corey Giles Natalie Mellett Thy Duong Anh Nguyen Donna Geddes Donna Geddes Toby Mansell Toby Mansell Richard Saffery Richard Saffery Peter Vuillermin Peter Vuillermin Peter Vuillermin Anne-Louise Ponsonby Anne-Louise Ponsonby David Burgner David Burgner Satvika Burugupalli Satvika Burugupalli Peter J. Meikle Peter J. Meikle Peter J. Meikle Peter J. Meikle Barwon Infant Study Investigator Team Anne-Louise Ponsonby David Burgner Fiona Collier John Carlin Katie Allen Mimi Tang Peter Sly Peter Vuillermin Richard Saffery Sarath Ranganathan Terry Dwyer Defining the lipid profiles of human milk, infant formula, and animal milk: implications for infant feeding Frontiers in Nutrition breastfeeding breastmilk metabolomics DOHaD (development origins of health and disease) fat |
| title | Defining the lipid profiles of human milk, infant formula, and animal milk: implications for infant feeding |
| title_full | Defining the lipid profiles of human milk, infant formula, and animal milk: implications for infant feeding |
| title_fullStr | Defining the lipid profiles of human milk, infant formula, and animal milk: implications for infant feeding |
| title_full_unstemmed | Defining the lipid profiles of human milk, infant formula, and animal milk: implications for infant feeding |
| title_short | Defining the lipid profiles of human milk, infant formula, and animal milk: implications for infant feeding |
| title_sort | defining the lipid profiles of human milk infant formula and animal milk implications for infant feeding |
| topic | breastfeeding breastmilk metabolomics DOHaD (development origins of health and disease) fat |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2023.1227340/full |
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