Augmented Cooper test: Biomechanical contributions to endurance performance
Running mechanics are modifiable with training and adopting an economical running technique can improve running economy and hence performance. While field measurement of running economy is cumbersome, running mechanics can be assessed accurately and conveniently using wearable inertial measurement u...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Sports and Active Living |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2022.935272/full |
| _version_ | 1798033317161861120 |
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| author | Salil Apte Simone Troxler Cyril Besson Cyril Besson Vincent Gremeaux Vincent Gremeaux Kamiar Aminian |
| author_facet | Salil Apte Simone Troxler Cyril Besson Cyril Besson Vincent Gremeaux Vincent Gremeaux Kamiar Aminian |
| author_sort | Salil Apte |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Running mechanics are modifiable with training and adopting an economical running technique can improve running economy and hence performance. While field measurement of running economy is cumbersome, running mechanics can be assessed accurately and conveniently using wearable inertial measurement units (IMUs). In this work, we extended this wearables-based approach to the Cooper test, by assessing the relative contribution of running biomechanics to the endurance performance. Furthermore, we explored different methods of estimating the distance covered in the Cooper test using a wearable global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver. Thirty-three runners (18 highly trained and 15 recreational) performed an incremental laboratory treadmill test to measure their maximum aerobic speed (MAS) and speed at the second ventilatory threshold (sVT2). They completed a 12-minute Cooper running test with foot-worm IMUs and a chest-worn GNSS-IMU on a running track 1–2 weeks later. Using the GNSS receiver, an accurate estimation of the 12-minute distance was obtained (accuracy of 16.5 m and precision of 1.1%). Using this distance, we showed a reliable estimation [R2 > 0.9, RMSE ϵ (0.07, 0.25) km/h] of the MAS and sVT2. Biomechanical metrics were extracted using validated algorithm and their association with endurance performance was estimated. Additionally, the high-/low-performance runners were compared using pairwise statistical testing. All performance variables, MAS, sVT2, and average speed during Cooper test, were predicted with an acceptable error (R2 ≥ 0.65, RMSE ≤ 1.80 kmh−1) using only the biomechanical metrics. The most relevant metrics were used to develop a biomechanical profile representing the running technique and its temporal evolution with acute fatigue, identifying different profiles for runners with highest and lowest endurance performance. This profile could potentially be used in standardized functional capacity measurements to improve personalization of training and rehabilitation programs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T20:28:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a42e4024303047a1ad232362a9085947 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2624-9367 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T20:28:20Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Sports and Active Living |
| spelling | doaj.art-a42e4024303047a1ad232362a90859472022-12-22T04:04:36ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Sports and Active Living2624-93672022-09-01410.3389/fspor.2022.935272935272Augmented Cooper test: Biomechanical contributions to endurance performanceSalil Apte0Simone Troxler1Cyril Besson2Cyril Besson3Vincent Gremeaux4Vincent Gremeaux5Kamiar Aminian6Laboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurement, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, SwitzerlandSport Medicine Unit, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Swiss Olympic Medical Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, SwitzerlandSport Medicine Unit, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Swiss Olympic Medical Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, SwitzerlandInstitute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, SwitzerlandSport Medicine Unit, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Swiss Olympic Medical Center, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, SwitzerlandInstitute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, SwitzerlandLaboratory of Movement Analysis and Measurement, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, SwitzerlandRunning mechanics are modifiable with training and adopting an economical running technique can improve running economy and hence performance. While field measurement of running economy is cumbersome, running mechanics can be assessed accurately and conveniently using wearable inertial measurement units (IMUs). In this work, we extended this wearables-based approach to the Cooper test, by assessing the relative contribution of running biomechanics to the endurance performance. Furthermore, we explored different methods of estimating the distance covered in the Cooper test using a wearable global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver. Thirty-three runners (18 highly trained and 15 recreational) performed an incremental laboratory treadmill test to measure their maximum aerobic speed (MAS) and speed at the second ventilatory threshold (sVT2). They completed a 12-minute Cooper running test with foot-worm IMUs and a chest-worn GNSS-IMU on a running track 1–2 weeks later. Using the GNSS receiver, an accurate estimation of the 12-minute distance was obtained (accuracy of 16.5 m and precision of 1.1%). Using this distance, we showed a reliable estimation [R2 > 0.9, RMSE ϵ (0.07, 0.25) km/h] of the MAS and sVT2. Biomechanical metrics were extracted using validated algorithm and their association with endurance performance was estimated. Additionally, the high-/low-performance runners were compared using pairwise statistical testing. All performance variables, MAS, sVT2, and average speed during Cooper test, were predicted with an acceptable error (R2 ≥ 0.65, RMSE ≤ 1.80 kmh−1) using only the biomechanical metrics. The most relevant metrics were used to develop a biomechanical profile representing the running technique and its temporal evolution with acute fatigue, identifying different profiles for runners with highest and lowest endurance performance. This profile could potentially be used in standardized functional capacity measurements to improve personalization of training and rehabilitation programs.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2022.935272/fullwearable sensorsbiomechanical profileacute fatiguecontinuous assessmentrunning distance |
| spellingShingle | Salil Apte Simone Troxler Cyril Besson Cyril Besson Vincent Gremeaux Vincent Gremeaux Kamiar Aminian Augmented Cooper test: Biomechanical contributions to endurance performance Frontiers in Sports and Active Living wearable sensors biomechanical profile acute fatigue continuous assessment running distance |
| title | Augmented Cooper test: Biomechanical contributions to endurance performance |
| title_full | Augmented Cooper test: Biomechanical contributions to endurance performance |
| title_fullStr | Augmented Cooper test: Biomechanical contributions to endurance performance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Augmented Cooper test: Biomechanical contributions to endurance performance |
| title_short | Augmented Cooper test: Biomechanical contributions to endurance performance |
| title_sort | augmented cooper test biomechanical contributions to endurance performance |
| topic | wearable sensors biomechanical profile acute fatigue continuous assessment running distance |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2022.935272/full |
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