Structural, Physical, and Mechanical Analysis of ZnO and TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticle-Reinforced Self-Adhesive Coating Restorative Material
This study aimed to modify an EQUIA coat (EC; GC, Japan) by incorporating 1 and 2 wt.% of zinc oxide (ZnO; EC-Z1 and EC-Z2) and titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>; EC-T1 and EC-T2) nanoparticles, whereby structural and phase analyses were assessed using Fourier transform infrared spectros...
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2021-12-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/24/7507 |
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| author | Qura Tul Ain Idrees Nazish Gul Muhammad Amber Fareed Salman Aziz Mian Danish Muzaffar Muhammad Nasir Aqif Anwar Chaudhry Sultan Akhtar Syed Zubairuddin Ahmed Abdul Samad Khan |
| author_facet | Qura Tul Ain Idrees Nazish Gul Muhammad Amber Fareed Salman Aziz Mian Danish Muzaffar Muhammad Nasir Aqif Anwar Chaudhry Sultan Akhtar Syed Zubairuddin Ahmed Abdul Samad Khan |
| author_sort | Qura Tul Ain Idrees |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aimed to modify an EQUIA coat (EC; GC, Japan) by incorporating 1 and 2 wt.% of zinc oxide (ZnO; EC-Z1 and EC-Z2) and titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>; EC-T1 and EC-T2) nanoparticles, whereby structural and phase analyses were assessed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry, micro-hardness, and water absorption analyses were conducted, and the microstructure was studied by scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive spectroscopy. FTIR spectra showed a reduction in peak heights of amide (1521 cm<sup>−1</sup>) and carbonyl (1716 cm<sup>−1</sup>) groups. XRD showed peaks of ZnO (2θ ~ 31.3°, 34.0°, 35.8°, 47.1°, 56.2°, 62.5°, 67.6°, and 68.7°) and TiO<sub>2</sub> (2θ ~ 25.3°, 37.8°, 47.9, 54.5°, 62.8°, 69.5°, and 75.1°) corresponding to a hexagonal phase with a wurtzite structure and an anatase phase, respectively. Thermal stability was improved in newly modified materials in comparison to the control group. The sequence of obtained glass transitions was EC-T2 (111 °C), EC-T1 (102 °C), EC-Z2 (98 °C), EC-Z1 (92 °C), and EC-C (90 °C). EC-T2 and EC-T1 showed the highest (43.76 ± 2.78) and lowest (29.58 ± 3.2) micro-hardness values. EC showed the maximum water absorption (1.6%) at day 7 followed by EC-T1 (0.82%) and EC-Z1 (0.61%). These results suggest that EC with ZnO and TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles has the potential to be used clinically as a coating material. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:41:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a4499cf53ac04d569b1ebde4926452af |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:41:15Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-a4499cf53ac04d569b1ebde4926452af2023-11-23T09:18:55ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-12-011424750710.3390/ma14247507Structural, Physical, and Mechanical Analysis of ZnO and TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticle-Reinforced Self-Adhesive Coating Restorative MaterialQura Tul Ain Idrees0Nazish Gul1Muhammad Amber Fareed2Salman Aziz Mian3Danish Muzaffar4Muhammad Nasir5Aqif Anwar Chaudhry6Sultan Akhtar7Syed Zubairuddin Ahmed8Abdul Samad Khan9Department of Science of Dental Materials, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore 54000, PakistanDepartment of Science of Dental Materials, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore 54000, PakistanAdult Restorative Dentistry, Dental Biomaterials and Prosthodontics Oman Dental College, Muscat 116, OmanDepartment of Dental Materials, Institute of Dentistry, CMH Lahore Medical College, Lahore 54000, PakistanFaculty of Dentistry, SEGi University, Petaling Jaya 47810, MalaysiaInterdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, PakistanInterdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, PakistanDepartment of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi ArabiaThis study aimed to modify an EQUIA coat (EC; GC, Japan) by incorporating 1 and 2 wt.% of zinc oxide (ZnO; EC-Z1 and EC-Z2) and titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>; EC-T1 and EC-T2) nanoparticles, whereby structural and phase analyses were assessed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry, micro-hardness, and water absorption analyses were conducted, and the microstructure was studied by scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive spectroscopy. FTIR spectra showed a reduction in peak heights of amide (1521 cm<sup>−1</sup>) and carbonyl (1716 cm<sup>−1</sup>) groups. XRD showed peaks of ZnO (2θ ~ 31.3°, 34.0°, 35.8°, 47.1°, 56.2°, 62.5°, 67.6°, and 68.7°) and TiO<sub>2</sub> (2θ ~ 25.3°, 37.8°, 47.9, 54.5°, 62.8°, 69.5°, and 75.1°) corresponding to a hexagonal phase with a wurtzite structure and an anatase phase, respectively. Thermal stability was improved in newly modified materials in comparison to the control group. The sequence of obtained glass transitions was EC-T2 (111 °C), EC-T1 (102 °C), EC-Z2 (98 °C), EC-Z1 (92 °C), and EC-C (90 °C). EC-T2 and EC-T1 showed the highest (43.76 ± 2.78) and lowest (29.58 ± 3.2) micro-hardness values. EC showed the maximum water absorption (1.6%) at day 7 followed by EC-T1 (0.82%) and EC-Z1 (0.61%). These results suggest that EC with ZnO and TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles has the potential to be used clinically as a coating material.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/24/7507dental materialsEQUIA coatglass ionomerFTIRTGADSC |
| spellingShingle | Qura Tul Ain Idrees Nazish Gul Muhammad Amber Fareed Salman Aziz Mian Danish Muzaffar Muhammad Nasir Aqif Anwar Chaudhry Sultan Akhtar Syed Zubairuddin Ahmed Abdul Samad Khan Structural, Physical, and Mechanical Analysis of ZnO and TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticle-Reinforced Self-Adhesive Coating Restorative Material Materials dental materials EQUIA coat glass ionomer FTIR TGA DSC |
| title | Structural, Physical, and Mechanical Analysis of ZnO and TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticle-Reinforced Self-Adhesive Coating Restorative Material |
| title_full | Structural, Physical, and Mechanical Analysis of ZnO and TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticle-Reinforced Self-Adhesive Coating Restorative Material |
| title_fullStr | Structural, Physical, and Mechanical Analysis of ZnO and TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticle-Reinforced Self-Adhesive Coating Restorative Material |
| title_full_unstemmed | Structural, Physical, and Mechanical Analysis of ZnO and TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticle-Reinforced Self-Adhesive Coating Restorative Material |
| title_short | Structural, Physical, and Mechanical Analysis of ZnO and TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticle-Reinforced Self-Adhesive Coating Restorative Material |
| title_sort | structural physical and mechanical analysis of zno and tio sub 2 sub nanoparticle reinforced self adhesive coating restorative material |
| topic | dental materials EQUIA coat glass ionomer FTIR TGA DSC |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/24/7507 |
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