Bio-Membrane Internalization Mechanisms of Arginine-Rich Cell-Penetrating Peptides in Various Species
Recently, membrane-active peptides or proteins that include antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), cytolytic proteins, and cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have attracted attention due to their potential applications in the biomedical field. Among them, CPPs have been regarded as a potent drug/molecules del...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Membranes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/12/1/88 |
| _version_ | 1827664353778728960 |
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| author | Betty Revon Liu Shiow-Her Chiou Yue-Wern Huang Han-Jung Lee |
| author_facet | Betty Revon Liu Shiow-Her Chiou Yue-Wern Huang Han-Jung Lee |
| author_sort | Betty Revon Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Recently, membrane-active peptides or proteins that include antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), cytolytic proteins, and cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have attracted attention due to their potential applications in the biomedical field. Among them, CPPs have been regarded as a potent drug/molecules delivery system. Various cargoes, such as DNAs, RNAs, bioactive proteins/peptides, nanoparticles and drugs, can be carried by CPPs and delivered into cells in either covalent or noncovalent manners. Here, we focused on four arginine-rich CPPs and reviewed the mechanisms that these CPPs used for intracellular uptake across cellular plasma membranes. The varying transduction efficiencies of them alone or with cargoes were discussed, and the membrane permeability was also expounded for CPP/cargoes delivery in various species. Direct membrane translocation (penetration) and endocytosis are two principal mechanisms for arginine-rich CPPs mediated cargo delivery. Furthermore, the amino acid sequence is the primary key factor that determines the cellular internalization mechanism. Importantly, the non-cytotoxic nature and the wide applicability make CPPs a trending tool for cellular delivery. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:58:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a45bccac030d4897afbf187e2fa1deb7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0375 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:58:55Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Membranes |
| spelling | doaj.art-a45bccac030d4897afbf187e2fa1deb72023-11-23T14:39:10ZengMDPI AGMembranes2077-03752022-01-011218810.3390/membranes12010088Bio-Membrane Internalization Mechanisms of Arginine-Rich Cell-Penetrating Peptides in Various SpeciesBetty Revon Liu0Shiow-Her Chiou1Yue-Wern Huang2Han-Jung Lee3Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Collage of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970374, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402204, TaiwanDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Arts, Sciences, and Business, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USADepartment of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, College of Environmental Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974301, TaiwanRecently, membrane-active peptides or proteins that include antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), cytolytic proteins, and cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have attracted attention due to their potential applications in the biomedical field. Among them, CPPs have been regarded as a potent drug/molecules delivery system. Various cargoes, such as DNAs, RNAs, bioactive proteins/peptides, nanoparticles and drugs, can be carried by CPPs and delivered into cells in either covalent or noncovalent manners. Here, we focused on four arginine-rich CPPs and reviewed the mechanisms that these CPPs used for intracellular uptake across cellular plasma membranes. The varying transduction efficiencies of them alone or with cargoes were discussed, and the membrane permeability was also expounded for CPP/cargoes delivery in various species. Direct membrane translocation (penetration) and endocytosis are two principal mechanisms for arginine-rich CPPs mediated cargo delivery. Furthermore, the amino acid sequence is the primary key factor that determines the cellular internalization mechanism. Importantly, the non-cytotoxic nature and the wide applicability make CPPs a trending tool for cellular delivery.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/12/1/88cell-penetrating peptidesprotein transductiondirect membrane translocationendocytosis |
| spellingShingle | Betty Revon Liu Shiow-Her Chiou Yue-Wern Huang Han-Jung Lee Bio-Membrane Internalization Mechanisms of Arginine-Rich Cell-Penetrating Peptides in Various Species Membranes cell-penetrating peptides protein transduction direct membrane translocation endocytosis |
| title | Bio-Membrane Internalization Mechanisms of Arginine-Rich Cell-Penetrating Peptides in Various Species |
| title_full | Bio-Membrane Internalization Mechanisms of Arginine-Rich Cell-Penetrating Peptides in Various Species |
| title_fullStr | Bio-Membrane Internalization Mechanisms of Arginine-Rich Cell-Penetrating Peptides in Various Species |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bio-Membrane Internalization Mechanisms of Arginine-Rich Cell-Penetrating Peptides in Various Species |
| title_short | Bio-Membrane Internalization Mechanisms of Arginine-Rich Cell-Penetrating Peptides in Various Species |
| title_sort | bio membrane internalization mechanisms of arginine rich cell penetrating peptides in various species |
| topic | cell-penetrating peptides protein transduction direct membrane translocation endocytosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/12/1/88 |
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