Beneficial effect of electroacupuncture on the distribution of foreign substances in the brain of rats developing depression-like behavior
We used low and high molecular weight fluorescence tracers to investigate the entry of foreign solutes into the brain parenchyma and their exit from it by the glymphatic system, during experimentally induced depressive-like behavior in rats. The tail suspension test (TST), as an acute stressor, is k...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-06-01
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| Series: | IBRO Neuroscience Reports |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242123000313 |
| _version_ | 1797804546236350464 |
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| author | Jin-Rong He Patrizia Rubini Bao-Man Li Hai-Yan Yin Yong Tang Peter Illes |
| author_facet | Jin-Rong He Patrizia Rubini Bao-Man Li Hai-Yan Yin Yong Tang Peter Illes |
| author_sort | Jin-Rong He |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We used low and high molecular weight fluorescence tracers to investigate the entry of foreign solutes into the brain parenchyma and their exit from it by the glymphatic system, during experimentally induced depressive-like behavior in rats. The tail suspension test (TST), as an acute stressor, is known to induce such a type of behavior, considered to model the human major depressive disorder (MDD). Electroacupuncture (EAP) relieves both depressive-like behavior in rodents and the symptoms of MDD in humans. Here we report that 180 min after the intracisternal injection of the low molecular weight tracer Fluorescein-5-Isothiocianate Conjugated Dextran (FITC-d3), a 15-min duration TST tended to increase the control fluorescence in the brain of rats. Both EAP and sham EAP decreased the fluorescence of FITC-d3 in comparison with the TST, but not the control value. In addition, EAP and sham EAP counteracted the effects of TST. The high molecular weight tracer Ovalbumin Alexa Fluor 555 Conjugate (OA-45) failed to enter the brain parenchyma and accumulated at more superficial sites; however, EAP or sham EAP modified the distribution of fluorescence under TST application in a similar manner as that observed during the use of FITC-d3. It is concluded that EAP is possibly a valid treatment to slow down the entry of foreign solutes into the brain; in view of the comparable effects of EAP on FITC-d3 and OA-45 distribution, EAP seems to act before FITC-d3 passes the astroglial aquaporin-4 water channels, which are a critical constituent of the glymphatic system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T05:38:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-a46168e2d6a14800b6c9227a84e3a07c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2667-2421 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T05:38:48Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IBRO Neuroscience Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-a46168e2d6a14800b6c9227a84e3a07c2023-06-14T04:34:43ZengElsevierIBRO Neuroscience Reports2667-24212023-06-0114398406Beneficial effect of electroacupuncture on the distribution of foreign substances in the brain of rats developing depression-like behaviorJin-Rong He0Patrizia Rubini1Bao-Man Li2Hai-Yan Yin3Yong Tang4Peter Illes5School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, ChinaSchool of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; International Joint Research Centre on Purinergic Signalling of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, ChinaForensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110177, ChinaSchool of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, ChinaSchool of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; International Joint Research Centre on Purinergic Signalling of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; Corresponding authors at: School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, ChinaSchool of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; International Joint Research Centre on Purinergic Signalling of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; Rudolf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany; Corresponding authors at: School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, ChinaWe used low and high molecular weight fluorescence tracers to investigate the entry of foreign solutes into the brain parenchyma and their exit from it by the glymphatic system, during experimentally induced depressive-like behavior in rats. The tail suspension test (TST), as an acute stressor, is known to induce such a type of behavior, considered to model the human major depressive disorder (MDD). Electroacupuncture (EAP) relieves both depressive-like behavior in rodents and the symptoms of MDD in humans. Here we report that 180 min after the intracisternal injection of the low molecular weight tracer Fluorescein-5-Isothiocianate Conjugated Dextran (FITC-d3), a 15-min duration TST tended to increase the control fluorescence in the brain of rats. Both EAP and sham EAP decreased the fluorescence of FITC-d3 in comparison with the TST, but not the control value. In addition, EAP and sham EAP counteracted the effects of TST. The high molecular weight tracer Ovalbumin Alexa Fluor 555 Conjugate (OA-45) failed to enter the brain parenchyma and accumulated at more superficial sites; however, EAP or sham EAP modified the distribution of fluorescence under TST application in a similar manner as that observed during the use of FITC-d3. It is concluded that EAP is possibly a valid treatment to slow down the entry of foreign solutes into the brain; in view of the comparable effects of EAP on FITC-d3 and OA-45 distribution, EAP seems to act before FITC-d3 passes the astroglial aquaporin-4 water channels, which are a critical constituent of the glymphatic system.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242123000313Glymphatic systemElectroacupunctureTail suspension testDepression-like behaviorFluorescence tracers |
| spellingShingle | Jin-Rong He Patrizia Rubini Bao-Man Li Hai-Yan Yin Yong Tang Peter Illes Beneficial effect of electroacupuncture on the distribution of foreign substances in the brain of rats developing depression-like behavior IBRO Neuroscience Reports Glymphatic system Electroacupuncture Tail suspension test Depression-like behavior Fluorescence tracers |
| title | Beneficial effect of electroacupuncture on the distribution of foreign substances in the brain of rats developing depression-like behavior |
| title_full | Beneficial effect of electroacupuncture on the distribution of foreign substances in the brain of rats developing depression-like behavior |
| title_fullStr | Beneficial effect of electroacupuncture on the distribution of foreign substances in the brain of rats developing depression-like behavior |
| title_full_unstemmed | Beneficial effect of electroacupuncture on the distribution of foreign substances in the brain of rats developing depression-like behavior |
| title_short | Beneficial effect of electroacupuncture on the distribution of foreign substances in the brain of rats developing depression-like behavior |
| title_sort | beneficial effect of electroacupuncture on the distribution of foreign substances in the brain of rats developing depression like behavior |
| topic | Glymphatic system Electroacupuncture Tail suspension test Depression-like behavior Fluorescence tracers |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667242123000313 |
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